For many, the dawn of 2009 holds a great deal of uncertainty, while for others it represents a chance at a fresh start and the potential for improvement - whether personal, professional, financial, or some combination of the three. For the human resources industry, 2009 will undoubtedly be a year in which changes in our government and our economy will be noticeably reflected in changes to employment law. The election in 2008 played host to a huge number of ballot issues regarding hiring processes and worker benefits. Such issues are again at the top of the incumbent legislature's agenda in 2009, and will have a direct impact on not only the American worker, but on the employers and HR professionals responsible for their pay and benefits.

After examining a number of the bills proposed and voted into action for 2009, leading research indicates some overall legislative trends emerging in three major areas of human resources:

Healthcare Reform

As the number of Americans without insurance continues to rise, finding a way to provide individuals with better access to affordable healthcare was at the forefront of heated issues in the 2008 election. While already a major issue in 2008, the incoming Congress has recently announced that healthcare reform will be among its top priorities this year. Just prior to the start of 2009, for example, Congress passed the Mental Health Parity Act, a measure requiring many employers to broaden their mental health and substance abuse coverage for employees.

Meanwhile, a number of states and municipalities introduced new legislation addressing employers' responsibilities concerning the health of their employees. Washington, DC and Milwaukee, for instance, passed initiatives mandating that employers provide paid sick leave for workers. New Jersey joined the movement by signing into law a bill requiring employers to give six weeks paid leave to staff members caring for a sick relative or new child.

However, in light of the economic crisis, further healthcare legislation may not increase quite as dramatically as once expected - on the state level, at least. The Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) predicts that in light of "widespread budget shortfalls predicted in nearly half of the nation, health care reform is likely to be less of a front-burner issue in the states." Instead, SRHM predicts that cash-strapped state legislatures will be looking to the new administration to handle this issue on a federal level.

Immigration Reform

A hot-button issue with immediate implications for employers and HR professionals, immigration was the topic of a significant number of bills introduced in 2008. A total of 26 states passed new legislation addressing immigration concerns, many of which imposed new penalties on companies employing undocumented aliens.

Playing a large role in much of the new immigration legislation was E-Verify, the government's Employment Eligibility Verification System. In 2009, all federal contractors and subcontractors will be required to use the system. Likewise on the state level, many immigration bills passed in 2008 require employers to use E-Verify or similar systems to ensure they are not hiring illegal workers.

Unlike the issue of healthcare reform, immigration legislation is predicted to continue occurring mainly at the state level while, according to SHRM, any sort of comprehensive reform at the congressional level is considered "unlikely." Again, however, due to the budget shortfalls and the economic crisis it is difficult to predict whether states across the country will see a continued push for immigration reform. However, in some more conservative U.S. regions like the South and Midwest, employer penalties for hiring illegal workers may be more severe.

Workplace Safety

Concerns about workplace safety and efforts to increase employee health and wellness were evident in a number of new state laws put into effect in 2009. Safety concerns ranged from matters such as office air quality to more grave issues like gun control in the workplace.

On a federal level, increased attention to workplace safety was made clear in a large increase in government money directed toward the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for its 2009 fiscal year. OSHA received a budget increase of $15.7 million, part of which is being used to conduct increased workplace inspections in 2009. Likewise, the incoming presidential administration has touted workplace safety as a priority, and is predicted to take a second look at several previously failed workplace safety bills, including the regulation of combustible dusts in the workplace and mandating stricter ergonomics requirements for employees working in the healthcare industry.

On a state level, Oregon passed a law requiring all workplaces to be "smoke free," prohibiting smoking within ten feet of the entrance to a building or worksite. In the meantime, eight other states, concerned with a growing number of gun-related incidents in the workplace, have enacted various laws concerning an employer's right to limit the possession of weapons on company property.

While only time will tell how these potential changes to federal and state policies will play out over the course of the next year, staying aware and informed of proposed legislation can help employers and HR professionals prepare in advance for new regulations, develop appropriate contingency plans, and ensure a smooth and compliant transition if and when the changes occur.