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[F951]Functionalist View On Education
by Michele De Capitani, Mic
Most people know ITC (Italian trade commission) just as a national institution which provides different kind of services to Italian companies interested in internationalizing their business and services. Since some years ITC has also decided to give great importance to education, aiming at creating managers and experts in international markets, able to efficiently manage international economic policies, especially the ones regarding far east markets.

The institute training offer is wide, from post-lauream masters to on-line courses and it includes also courses for recent graduate, for companies, for managers and entrepreneurs of developing and transitional countries. This wide diversification allows ITC to offer high level education and also accessible to everybody.

The offer is divided into regions and productive sectors in order to offer specific courses and analyses to any kind of participants. For this reason ITC signed a lot of agreements and cooperation proposals, both with international and local institutions.

One of the most interesting projects is without any doubt the Master for enterprises internationalization, the so called Cor.c.e. Course of specialization in Foreign Trade Fausto De Franceschi. This course aims at training very specialized managerial staff for associations and enterprises willing to increase their foreign trade. It deals with specific themes such as international trade marketing and techniques. What is even more important, the course schedule includes both an internship in a company and an internship abroad, of two months each. The master takes place in Rome and starts every year around the middle of October.

In addition there are many other different courses directed to company managerial staff, dealing mainly with themes such as foreign trade techniques, business contracts and payments. To provide this kind of specific services, ITC signed various agreements with local institutions and professional associations, which allow it to operate on the whole national territory but always with a particular attention to the specific needs of participants.

Another interesting course of post-degree specialization is Expert of company internationalization with knowledge of Eastern Languages, this is carried out thanks to the cooperation of Ca?? Foscari Venice University and the Oriental Institute of Naples.

Here also, besides classroom lessons, much importance is given to the practical experience and on-the-job training, which include a two months internship in a company in Italy and a two months internship abroad in one of the ITC offices. The classes lasts five months and take place in San Servolo Island, near Venice.

To allow the best students to take part into these courses, ITC offers a scholarship to each student, who must pass an open competition. Participants are also given a return flight ticket to reach the foreign country of destination.

Another important element is that teachers have a great competence, they are experts not just about theory, but especially about companies international relationships.

All these courses give a very good professional training, for example it is estimated that at least 80% of participants found a job six months after the end of the course.

Italian Universities are often blamed not to prepare their students to the world of work, these courses aim exactly at removing this gap. In this moment graduate students have so much difficulty in finding an adequate job, these initiatives are more and more important. First of all they offer the opportunity to have a professional training but without being a financial burden to their families. But these course are also a high level training experience, small and medium enterprises which want to increase their foreign trade but with no clear strategy yet are certainly very interested in this professional figures.

To make profit, modern economy is expanding more and more in foreign markets, so a great importance is given to professionals able to lead several Italian small and medium enterprises into successful international economic policies.

These ancient products (ancient in technical terms being as few as 10-15 years) were what are known as impact printers, simply because they needed to make a physical connection with the paper in order to achieve the ink-on-paper result.

Dot matrix printers came equipped with a group of pins that touched a ribbon which then connected with paper to produce the finished product. Character printers, which worked on the same principle as electric typewriters, used a bar or ball whose surface was embossed with all the characters you now see on any keyboard. These characters made contact with the ribbon, which in turn made contact with the paper.

Today we use non-impact printers - those that do not make physical contact with the paper to create the papered reproduction. The most prevalent for home or small office use is the inkjet printer - an economical choice for all but the most serious graphic arts requirements.

An inkjet printer produces the images and type it delivers from computer to paper by means of miniscule drops of ink. So miniscule, in fact, that a human hair would seem big by comparison. Standard ink drops of an inkjet printer have a diameter range of 50-60 microns. Arranged very precisely, these ink drops come in various resolutions (the higher the resolution, the clearer and more life like the output.) while 800x600 dpi (dots per inch) is a typical SOHO (small office home office) resolution producing quite adequate print quality, an inkjet printer can offer resolutions as high as 1440x720 dpi. Adding color to the mix can produce images nearly as high in quality as a laser printer product.

There are five basic parts to an inkjet printer: the print head assembly, the paper feed assembly, circuitry control, power supply, and printer ports.

The print head assembly is the heart of the printer workings. It's what brings the ink to paper by means of a row of nozzles. The print head may be part of the inner workings of a printer cartridge, or they may be separate parts. Cartridges are responsible for delivering color and shading. Most inkjet printers made nowadays offer color printing. Some may require as many as three distinct cartridges, but generally at least two - one black, one color. The motor is part of the print head assembly as well. It's the part that enables the ink and cartridges to move across the paper and produce the hard copy. It also keeps the cartridge stable when not in use.

The paper feed assembly includes the paper tray, which holds the paper ready for a printing request, and the rollers, which deliver the paper to the ink when a printing job is requested.

The power supply is simple - it's what gets the electricity to your printer so that it can do its job. Printer circuitry controls take the message from your keyboard and mouse and deliver it to the printer so that the requested hard copy can be produced. Printer ports, also referred to as interface ports, much like a telephone jack, enable the peripheral (the printer) to talk to the computer. While in older models parallel ports were the norm, the newest printer models connect via USB ports, which require a special USB cord.

Article Source : Pg. 99

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Both Michele De Capitani & Alan Jason Smith are contributors for EditorialToday. The above articles have been edited for relevancy and timeliness. All write-ups, reviews, tips and guides published by EditorialToday.com and its partners or affiliates are for informational purposes only. They should not be used for any legal or any other type of advice. We do not endorse any author, contributor, writer or article posted by our team.

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