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In recent years, the mortgage industry has introduced dozens of new types of loans. The needs of every borrower are different, so the mortgage companies have tried to come up with an answer for every problem. They've introduced 40-year mortgages, promoted 15-year mortgages, and introduced the wildest array of variable-rate mortgages imaginable. There are mortgages that have interest rates that adjust every few months, every few years, or just once. A recently popular product that thrives on the East and West coasts is the interest-only mortgage, which reduces payments by not requiring payment on the loan's principal for the first few years of the loan. The prospective homebuyer could have as many as one hundred possible types of loans to choose from when searching for a mortgage. Amidst this huge array of loan types, one type is growing in popularity faster than all the rest, and it may surprise you. The fastest-growing type of mortgage in America right now is the traditional 30-year, fixed-rate loan. Last year, only about 35% of all borrowers took out a 30 year, fixed-rate loan, but so far this year, the rate has increased to nearly 50%.
This may seem odd, as most everyone has been opting for adjustable-rate mortgages for the last few years. Adjustable rate mortgages tend to offer lower interest rates, and lower interest rates mean lower payments. These loans have been popular with buyers who move often, have lower incomes or buyers who simply want to invest their money elsewhere. So why is the 30-year fixed-rate mortgage back in style? Because interest rates have dropped to their lowest point in fourteen months, and they are nearly as low as they were in the summer of 2003, when they reached the lowest point on record. In short, the 30-year fixed-rate mortgage is not only seen as competitive with other types of loans, but it is actually seen as safer. Borrowers who have adjustable-rate mortgages enjoy their biggest advantage when rates are high, knowing that their interest rate is lower than a fixed-rate mortgage. But when interest rates for the market as a whole reach historic lows, the borrower with an adjustable-rate mortgage knows that their rate can only go up. At times like the present, when rates are only likely to go up, converting an adjustable rate loan to a fixed-rate loan is a smart move. First-time buyers can safely take on a 30-year fixed-rate loan and be comfortable in the fact that their rate will stay fairly low for the duration of their loan.
Sometimes, the way things have always been done turns out to be the best. While there are still some buyers who will benefit from adjustable-rate loans, most borrowers would do well to lock in their loan at a fixed rate now. Historically, fixed-rate mortgages have rarely been under six percent, so obtaining such a loan while they are available is one of the smartest moves a homeowner can make.
ARM is the terminology used to describe an Adjustable Rate Mortgage. With this type of mortgage, the interest rate will fluctuate during the life of the loan, based on the terms of the loan agreement and market conditions. With a one-year ARM, your interest rate will be locked in at the initial rate for a period of one year following the time you take out the loan. After one year, the rate will change, based on the external index, such as the Constant Maturity Treasury Index (CMT), that impacts your particular loan.
If you are thinking about getting a 1-year ARM, there are a number of factors that you need to consider.
The Period of Fixation
When the agreement for the ARM is made, the period of adjusting the interest rate according to whatever external index chosen is also fixed. With a one-year ARM, the period during which the interest rate is locked is one year. A 7 year arm is (you guessed it) fixed for a period of 7 years. ARMS are available in many different lengths, and are typically discussed in terms of the length of time for which the interest rate is locked. Typically, the shorter the period that the rate is locked for, the lower the rate. However, shorter loan periods are far riskier because if you are required to sell when your rate adjusts, you could be in trouble if rates go up, and you can no longer afford the new interest rate.
The Interval of Adjustment
The interval of adjustment represents how often the adjustments of the rates of the home loan mortgage can be made after the lock-in period is over. This typically varies anywhere from 6 months to 5 years, and is specified in the original loan agreement.
Depending upon the interval you agree on, the interest rate on your loan will be revised periodically after the initial adjustment. For example if the adjustment rate is fixed at two years interval, the one-year ARM would be first revised after the lock-in period was over (in this example this is one year) and then again revised after two years. The interest rate will continue to be revised according to whatever external index you chose, every two years.
Caps for Interest Rates
Do not even consider an ARM that doesn't include a cap on the interest rate. This is a safeguard for both the lender and the borrower to ensure that they are protected against excessive increases in the interest rates (borrower) or large decreases in the interest rates (lender).
The caps represent agreed upon minimum and maximum interest rate right at the beginning of the ARM home loan mortgage. This means that no matter what the external index says, the rates of interest will not go higher or lower than the caps (agreed minimum and maximum rates) they have agreed upon.
As a general rule, you should try to estimate the longest amount of time you think you will own the home, and get an ARM that is fixed for a year or two longer than that. That way, you have a lower risk of having rates go up on you before you decide to sell.
There are many more factors that influence the ARM home loan mortgage. Make sure that you completely understand the terms of any mortgage loan before you sign an agreement, and be sure that you are working with a reputable mortgage lender at all times.