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[I387]Interesting Facts About The Rainforest

by Jayesh Bagde, Jay

A collection of maps bound into book form is called an ATLAS. There are also atlases in various multimedia formats today. It has geographic features and political boundaries. An atlas usually features:
- Geopolitics
- social aspects
- religious traditions and
- economic statistics

Claudius Ptolemy, a geographer, constructed from his calculation the first book of atlas. He worked in Alexandria in 150 A.D. In 1477, his first edition was published in Bologna. It was illustrated with a set of 27 maps. This means it was not known then whether these maps were original engraved versions or otherwise.

In 1544, trading centers in Rome and Venice produced many maps. The publishers worked separately and produced maps based on their needs. These maps vary in sizes and later on, they bound them together into composite works. These works were called IATO or Italian, Assembled to Order. It was more often called Lafreri Atlases.

Abraham Ortelius was recognized in issuing the first modern atlas in May 20, 1570. The Theatrum Orbis Terrarum of Ortelius has about 53 map-sheets. It actually covers the whole world. This work reduced the available maps into a uniform size.

Gerardo Mercator introduced the earliest atlases in 1595.

The word ATLAS is a common basis of mistaken belief. This is because two mythical figures are connected with the making of maps.

- King Atlas – the mythical king of Mauretania.
A great philosopher, mathematician and astronomer based on legend who allegedly made the first celestial globe. It was possibly Mercator's atlas that the legend was referring to. This was when “Atlas” was first coined. This was also where even a description of the King on the title page was included.

- Atlas (from Greek Mythology) - He is the son of Titan Iapetus and Clymene (or Asia). He is also the brother of Prometheus.
Atlas was punished by Zeus so as to bear the weight of the heavens on his back. In Homer's Odyssey, he refers to Atlas as the one who knows the depths of the whole sea. He kept the tall pillars that hold the Heavens and the Earth.

In arts, Atlas is represented as the one carrying the heavens or the Celestial Sphere on his shoulders. The earliest representation is the Farnese Atlas. You will see this at Museo Archeologico Nazionale Napoli in Naples, Italy. This figure is more often found on the cover or title-page of atlases.

In modern times, publishers in different countries can reprint maps from different places. Maps displaying roads and transport links are known as Road Atlases. These show transport links and not geographical information.
Road Atlases come in many shapes, sizes and scales. It has motoring organizations in:
- UK
- Republic of Ireland
- Mainland Europe
- North America
- Australia and
- New Zealand

There are different styles of maps, depending on individual countries on a large scale. Thus, it is the user who can find this more useful for them. An example of this is the AA's Close-up map of Britain. The map is of a large scale. It is good for driving on and off road. The scale helps place tracks and conventional roads.

European maps differ in scales as well. When people buy maps of Europe they also need to consider where they are traveling to. Thus, maps are sold in the United States and Canada, having scales that more often the best. These maps can be used for businesses. It can also be used either by tourists or just for general interest.

Australian and New Zealand maps have smaller scale. It is made to be sold for the European market. It was made by motoring organizations or map makers. This was made so that they will have an advantage on knowing the layouts of:
- Roads
- railways and
- rivers

No one likes to be sick. The concept of getting nauseous or vomiting is not a nice thought. But, when the idea of nausea becomes overwhelming enough to impose a human being to change their lifestyles and eating habits, the condition may be more than just a normal aversion of vomiting. Emetophobia is the extreme fear of vomit and this fear can lead to death in those who suffer from it.

Someone who fears vomit may fear the thought or actionof vomiting themselves, the thought or actionof others vomiting, or the vomit itself. These patients suffer from intense amounts of anxiety concerning vomit in general. The problem with a phobia of this nature is the precursor to vomiting, eating.

Lots of people who suffer from emetophobia are diagnosed with anorexia way previous to the fear of vomiting is found. The patients will stop at nothing to prevent themselves from vomiting and this includes the cessation of eating.
They feel that if they do not eat food, there is no way they will be compelled to vomit or get sick. Paradoxically, eating food can frequentlymake the emetophobic person fell nauseous after a some time with no food and so the fear is realized and the phobia grows stronger.

The anorexia linked with emetophobia is only one of its kind, in that it requires the treatment of the fear of vomiting before the anorexia can be treated. When hospitalized the emetophobic individual will often have to be fed through IV until they are healthy enough to undergo emotional treatment for their fear of vomit.

Some of the more common symptoms of emetophobia include:

Avoidance of social conditions.

Avoidance of restaurants, hospitals, and doctors offices.

An intense fear of getting sick.

Avoidance of food.

Anorexia.

While it is ordinary normal to dislike vomit, it is not ordinary normal to keep away from food in order to prevent yourself from vomiting. The emetophobia person will go the extreme lengths to avoid getting sick or even setting eyes on vomit. This phobia is one of the most difficult due to the bond to anorexia which can cause death in a very short period of time. Anorexia is frequently diagnosed along side bulimia, but the emetophobic patient will never demonstrate signs of bulimia.

Emetophobia can be treated in much the same manner as other kinds of phobia with anti-anxiety medication and psychotherapy. But, due to the nature of the fear itself, the psychotherapy frequently needs to be massive and the patients are frequently placed into an in patient treatment facility in order to be watched personally during treatment. If the emetophobia patient has begun to keep away from food, the treatment will also involve a higher calorie diet and further therapy for anorexia.

Article Source : Pg. 39

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Both Jayesh Bagde & Jerry L. Fobik are contributors for EditorialToday. The above articles have been edited for relevancy and timeliness. All write-ups, reviews, tips and guides published by EditorialToday.com and its partners or affiliates are for informational purposes only. They should not be used for any legal or any other type of advice. We do not endorse any author, contributor, writer or article posted by our team.

Jayesh Bagde has sinced written about articles on various topics from Home Management, Fitness and Home Management. For more information on please visit our website.. Jayesh Bagde's top article generates over 135000 views. to your Favourites.

Jerry L. Fobik has sinced written about articles on various topics from Education, Health. Read more fascinating details about The 10 Most Common Phobias in and. Jerry L. Fobik's top article generates over 1600 views. to your Favourites.