If you make a mistake investing with your IRA, penalties can severely damage your nest egg. Start with tax and early withdrawal penalties: if you pull any money out of your traditional IRA, you have to pay any taxes due (which means they count as income, potentially moving you up a tax bracket or two) and ten percent of the total amount you withdraw is also forfeit to the IRS. This can add to quite a lot of money.

With a Roth IRA your penalties are similar, but you've already pre-paid tax on your contributions, so you won't be assessed income tax on the principal. Possibly, you will owe income tax on the interest that has accumulated, and in any case you'll still get hit with the 10% IRS surcharge.

IRA penalties will always be assessed if you withdraw early from your IRA, but you may find yourself paying penalties in other situations. For example, you may have been managing your IRA yourself and invested in something the IRS considers a conflict of interest. For instance, if you put your investment in an office building you also occupy, the IRS may determine this qualifies as an early disbursement.

To make matters worse, if you over contribute, you may find yourself penalized. Penalties for over contributing include the assessment of late taxes, fines, and other charges. You want to neither over nor under contribute, but invest exactly the right amount in your IRA.

This doesn't mean you can't touch your IRA. In a few cases, you can withdraw money from your IRA penalties-free, but you must understand what you're doing and how the different rules apply to your IRA. It's easier to use a Roth IRA in this way, but even a traditional IRA can be a source of cash in certain situations.

You may withdraw money from your IRA without incurring a penalty if you are purchasing a home for the first time in two years. You and your spouse are also eligible to withdraw up to $10,000 for yourself if you are using the cash for your own home, or that of your grandchildren, parents or child. The limit on this withdrawal is 10 thousand for your lifetime. You may also withdraw cash to use on certain qualified educational expenses.

Your IRA can also be used to pay for medical insurance once you've been unemployed for 12 consecutive weeks, or to fund certain medical expenses if they exceed 7.5% of your gross income. If you become disabled, you can treat your IRA as if you've already retired. If you are a qualified reservist called to active duty, you may be able to avoid the 10% fee (talk to your command about this - the rules are changing to accommodate people as they get called up). And in a couple of other situations - when your life expectancy is shortened, for instance - you may be able to have your IRA qualified for regular disbursement early.

In no case should you withdraw money from your IRA without good reason, regardless of penalization. IRA penalties are there to protect you and your retirement investment. If you were allowed to withdraw money whenever you want, the constant temptation would likely lead to a lot of IRAs being used as personal piggy banks. Instead, protect your IRA and pull money from it only when it's absolutely necessary and when it will be a major benefit to your life, helping you build toward retirement rather than just helping you out today.