Due to scarcity of land in urban areas, the trends of high rise buildings in the form of apartments, shopping complexes, hotels, industrial and institutional buildings, underground and multistory parking towers, intelligent buildings, railway stations linked with tunnels, stadiums and museums etc. are increasing day by day.
Such buildings are required to be constructed in such a way so that no part of any building should remain 30 meters away from the staircases proposed in the building blocks. If building blocks are supported by the water sprinklers, then the said distance from the staircase may be kept as 45 meters. At least, 6 meters wide open spaces are required to be kept open around the building blocks for free movement of the fire tenders.
With the advancement of science and technology, new fire protection systems have been developed to safeguard high rise buildings from the menace of fire disasters. Underground and Overhead storage tank for Fire Protection System with Automatic Pumping sets Jockey pump, standby Diesel driven Pumps, all integrated with the Building Management system. Such fire protection systems are described as below.
Sprinkler Systems Sprinkler systems are the oldest and most widely used type of automatic fire extinguishing systems. When an unforeseen fire starts, these systems immediately and automatically generate a fire alarm and extinguish the fire.
•Wet Sprinkler Systems The pipes are kept filled with pressurized water in order to spray out water as soon as the sprinkler heads open, so this is the most widely used type of system.
•Dry Sprinkler System The dry system water flow detection unit is filled with pressurized water up to the primary side, and the secondary side piping is filled with pressurized air, so when the air pressure in the secondary side drops when a sprinkler head opens, the dry system water flow detection unit opens to release the water.
•Pre-operation Sprinkler System The water flow detector unit's primary side is filled with pressurized water and the secondary side piping is filled with compressed air. When a fire occurs, the fire detector uses the fire signal it has caught to first open the pre-operation water flow detector unit to cause the primary side pressurized water to flow to the secondary side. This pressurized water operates the pressure switch, which generates a fire alarm, and the decrease in pressure in the primary side piping causes the pump to operate and begin spraying water when a sprinkler head is opened by a heat sensor.
•Open Sprinkler System This system uses open sprinkler heads that have no heat sensor disassembly unit, so water is sprayed from all of the sprinkler heads of the separate sprinkler head set when manually operated. This type of system is used when the ceilings are high creating the possibility that the flow of hot air might just open sprinkler heads that are not necessarily directly over the fire source and when there is the danger that a fire would spread rapidly.
•Foam Fire Extinguishing Systems Foam fire extinguishing systems are installed based on the technical standards of the Fire Service Law, etc., and are used to protect parking areas, automobile service garages, airplane hangers, semi-hazardous materials, special flammable materials storage areas, handling areas, etc.
.Powder Fire Extinguishing Systems Powder fire extinguishing systems extinguish fires faster and more effectively than other chemical fire extinguishing agents.
If you have thus far been spared the tragedy of having a fire in your home, then it might be difficult for you to truly comprehend the devastation that a family must go through who has had their home destroyed by a fire. The home can be a total loss as well as anything that was in it. Cherished memories and belongings all go up in smoke and many times there is nothing left but ashes and the charred remains of what used to be the hub of their lives.
Many times these destructive home fires are unavoidable when something electrical shorts out or lightening strikes a house and starts a blaze that no one saw coming. Then there are other fires that could have probably have been totally preventable if the home owner had the simple tools necessary to alert them to a fire or put out a blaze before it got out of hand.
If you are not at home when a fire starts there used to be little that could be done until a neighbor spots the flames or smoke and calls the fire department. Today there are home alert systems that can help to notify the fire department or police for you automatically through a monitoring service. Having this kind of system in place can mean the difference in saving your home or not when you are not even there.
The two old standbys that are extremely essential for home fire protection are the smoke alarm and the fire extinguisher. The smoke alarm is something that people should have several of scattered throughout the home. This will better help to detect smoke from any area of the home quicker than if you only have one. The biggest mistakes are not having smoke detectors or simply not keeping fresh batteries in them. You should always check the alarms periodically to make sure they are working correctly.
Fire extinguishers should be kept in a kitchen at all times since so many fires start there. You should have an extinguisher that is large enough to put out a good size blaze if necessary. Many fires in kitchens can be started with grease and this can be more difficult to put out. Just remember that if a blaze gets out of control, do not place your self in danger trying to put it out. Sometimes it is better to get out of the home and wait for the fire department as hard as that might be.
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