What evidence is there to suggest a hereditary link? There seems to be a genetic tendency - about 25% of close relatives in families with ADHD are likely to suffer from this condition. The normal figure in the rest of the population is only about 5%.

The British Food Agency has published its findings in the Lancet and its research points the finger at certain food colourings and additives (E102, E104 and E110) which is found in fiizy drinks and snacks which are normally eaten by children. Their research showed that these foods certainly increased the levels of hyperactivity in the children they were studying.

Any imbalance of the chemicals that help nerve cells in the brain communicate with each other, called neurotransmitters, may well be a factor in the development of ADHD symptoms. Without enough of these chemicals, the organizing centers of the brain don't work well and thus lead to impulsiveness and lack of concentration.

If children's food is at fault, should there not be a warning on the packaging? There is also the social impact to consider - children may well suffer if they cannot share their food with other kids. It must be pointed out that this research is in the early stages and therefore no firm conclusions can be drawn yet.

What drugs are used and how safe are they ? The most common drugs are :- Adderall, Concerta and Ritalin (stimulants). A popular non-stimulant drug is :- Strattera.

Do these drugs have side effects?. Much research is being done and there are concerns that children already with a heart condition can be at risk. Adderall was actually withdrawn in Canada for this very reason. Blood tests, blood pressure tests and monitoring of the heart need to be done regularly to make sure that the child is healthy.

Apart from drugs, what alternatives are available to parents? Sometimes, changes in diet, sleep and routine can be a great help. Another thing parents can consider are herbal and homeopathic remedies which can help to restore the balance in the child's nervous system. The great advantage is that there are no side effects or sedation and they can be beneficial in restoring good health and harmony within the family.