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[B639]Between The Ink And Paper
by Sam Weston, Sam

Why Do I Need Contracts?

A contract gives you a sound legal base for your business, and some guarantee that you're going to get paid for your work without you having to ask the customer for payment in advance. In the event of a dispute, the contract lays down what the agreement was so that you can point to it and say what was agreed. If you ever end up having to go to court (let's hope you won't), the contract is what the judge's decision will be based on.

Without a contract, you leave yourself vulnerable and open to exploitation. Someone could claim that the terms they agreed with you were different to what you say they were, or that they never signed up for anything at all and so they won't pay. It's especially common to see big businesses mistreat small ones, thinking that they won't have the knowledge or the money to do anything about it. Essentially, contracts take away your customers' ability to hold non-payment over your head, and give you the ability to hold it over theirs instead.

Written and Verbal Contracts.

It is important to point out the distinction in the law between a verbal (spoken) contract and a proper, written one. A verbal contract is binding in theory, but in practice can be very hard to prove. A written contract, on the other hand, is rock-solid proof of what you're saying.

You might think that you're never going to get into a dispute with your customers, but it's all too common to find yourself in a little disagreement. They will often want to get you to do some 'small' amount of extra work to finish the job or make it better, not realising that doing so would completely obliterate your profit margin.

For this reason, you should be very wary of doing anything with nothing but a verbal contract. On the other hand, if you were incautious or too trusting and only got a verbal contract, it could still go some way towards helping you, especially if there were witnesses.

Won't It Be Expensive?

Written contracts don't necessarily need to be formal contracts, which are drawn up by a lawyer with 'contract' written at the top and signed by both parties. These kinds of contracts are the most effective, but can be expensive to have produced, not to mention intimidating to customers.

The most common kind of written contract, oddly enough, is a simple letter. If you send a customer a letter (or, indeed, an email) laying out your agreement before you start work, and they write back to agree to it, that is enough to qualify as a written contract, with most of the protections it affords.

If you are doing high-value work for some clients, though, it could be worth the time and trouble of having your lawyer write a formal contract, or at least of doing it yourself and getting a lawyer to look it over. Formal contracts will give you more protection if the worst happens, and there's nothing to stop you from making it a one-off expense only by re-using the same contract for multiple customers.

Contracts for Small Purchases: the Terms and Conditions.

Obviously it would be silly to expect everyone who buys some $10 thing from you to sign a contract, or write back indicating their agreement to your terms. In this situation, you should have a statement of the 'terms and conditions' that your customer is agreeing to by buying from you, and they should have to tick some kind of box indicating their agreement before you send anything.

Luckily, it isn't usually so necessary to be paranoid about contract law with small purchases anyway, since customers will be paying you first and receiving the goods or services afterwards, not the other way around. If you plan to offer any kind of payment plan or other long-term agreement, of course, this should always be backed up with a signed contract.


Online marketers talk a lot about niches. Niche marketing involves creating highly specific material for a limited (but sharply defined) audience. Sports would not count as a niche. Neither would tennis. But start writing material for tennis players over 50 or people who like to travel to tennis resorts or teaching your under-10-year-old how to play great tennis ? and you're in a niche.

Many writers have the wrong idea about niches. As writers, we tend to go for the scoop. We seek the unusual story and the odd angle no one has ever used before. We writers cross article ideas off the list as soon as we see other people writing about them.

After all, in the ink-on-paper world, the fastest way to get a rejection is to propose an article on a subject that a competitive publication recently wrote about. If you're writing for a magazine or newspaper, a very unusual, one-of-a-kind story can be an easy sale.

Internet marketing does not work like that.

When you write for online sources, your work can be deep, but it has to be narrow. The Internet has become the medium for specialists. It's the best place to get information on how to grow roses in the tropics or make your own yogurt or learn about the symptoms of Brugada's disease.

The risk in focusing so sharply on a specific subject is that it is much easier to miss the mark than to hit it.

A good writer is looking for readers and a good online writer is looking for customers. So online writers need to become marketers in terms of finding their niches.

Most online marketers research niches to find traffic before they embark on projects. The idea is that you don't want to venture into a niche where there isn't already at least some conversation and activity going on.

That's right, online marketers want to find competition in their niches of choice, because competition means there is already interest, buzz, and business in that sector.

In other words, many niches that are possible are not viable. In a sense, Internet writers need to think like ink-and-paper publishers. A publisher would hesitate to publish a book on the best shoes to wear on an airplane simply because it seems unlikely that anyone would buy it. An Internet writer has to think about niches the same way. Is there an audience for the material?

Finding the answer to that is easier online than in the brick-and-mortar world. Internet marketers look at keywords in an effort to find profitable niches. Keywords are the words or phrases that you type into search engines when you're looking for something.

There are lots of ways to perform keyword research; some of them can be done for free. By visiting the inventory at Overture.com (http://inventory.overture.com) you can find out how many searches on Yahoo took place in a recent month (which may be six months ago) for any keywords you type in. Yahoo is not the Internet universe, but most authorities feel that Yahoo results can be extended to the other major search engines. In other words, if lots of people searched Yahoo for "hula lessons," it is quite likely that many people also searched Google and other search engines for the same topic.

There are more sophisticated ways to do keyword research; it's practically a science. However, for most online newbies, using a simple, straightforward keyword search will likely provide more than enough information to get your project off to a good start.

The problem with keyword searches is that you have to suggest keywords and then you can find out what is there. If you're stumped or just want to see where there is a lot of buzz, type in things like "how to" or "secrets" or "tips" or "free" and you'll see things with those words that were most searched for.

This is the part that can get confusing for writers. Most writers think that a keyword search with few results means the keyword is hot, while a keyword that's getting a lot of hits is a dead end. Wrong! When it comes to Internet marketing, it's the other way around.

Lots of activity on a keyword means that there is interest in the subject, a demand for information in that niche, and possibly a "community" that's already built up of folks interested in that particular topic. If you find a keyword with very little activity, you have more likely found a subject that nobody cares about than some great untapped opportunity. In other words, if nobody is searching for information about knitting hats for Chihuahuas, it's probably not a niche you want to invest in.

The next step is to type in those keywords and related keywords to see what comes up. Again, there are many very advanced techniques to this kind of research, but writers can make do with the basics. Just see what turns up. This is what the people searching those keywords will find. You may even want to see what kind of sites they are: are they selling physical products? Selling information? Offering free content? How would your proposed product or site fit in? Writers can get scared off when they find their subject is already quite well covered. If you venture into some well established niches, you'll find content-heavy sites, blogs, information products, courses, and products for sale. But competition online is a symptom that there is a lot of interest in the topic.

Just as people don't necessarily own one pair of jeans or eat in only one restaurant, competition can be welcome.

There is another huge benefit to writing in a busy niche: you may be able to tap into pre-existing traffic. If there is a rabid group of people eager to talk about setting up an at-home design business, your information product on tax guidelines for the at-home artist-entrepreneur has a ready-made customer base.

How do you find your niche? Some niches find you, in that you may know all about a certain unusual subject or you may have a personal passion. An Internet marketer would also try to discover "hidden" niches or secret niches by trying to find busy keywords that were being serviced by some (but not many) matching information sites. If you can find where the demand is not being entirely met ... you have a winner!

Once you identify the niche, you next have to identify how you care to participate and how you want to monetize your activities. As an online writer, you can develop a content-rich site on the topic to sell advertising or an information product that can be sold with a sales page type website. Information products include books, electronic books, special reports, courses, CDs and other media.

Of course, there is always a risk in any business. There's probably more risk in Internet business because it's fast-paced and everyone is new at it. To be fair, many Internet ventures can be launched with minimal financial investment, especially compared to brick-and-mortar businesses.

But there is still a risk. You're going to be spending a lot of time and energy creating a product that may or may not sell. That's why you need to pick the right niches. Go to niches where there is already a lot of energy and activity; you're more likely to find customers where there is also some healthy competition.

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Both Sam Weston & Jo Ann Lequang are contributors for EditorialToday. The above articles have been edited for relevancy and timeliness. All write-ups, reviews, tips and guides published by EditorialToday.com and its partners or affiliates are for informational purposes only. They should not be used for any legal or any other type of advice. We do not endorse any author, contributor, writer or article posted by our team.

Sam Weston has sinced written about articles on various topics from Pets, Multi Level Marketing and Writing. Discover How YOU Can Profit From Your With Every Way Possible - From The Moment Your Subscriber Visits Your Lead Capture Page Until He Receives E-m. Sam Weston's top article generates over 60500 views. to your Favourites.

Jo Ann Lequang has sinced written about articles on various topics from Careers and Job Hunting, Writing and Finances. Ready to quit whining about not finding work as a writer and get busy as an online entrepreneur? Check out to find out why wri. Jo Ann Lequang's top article generates over 33100 views. to your Favourites.
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