Often it is necessary to undertake a certain amount of construction to insure the quality and life of tree gardens you wish to plant and the terraces you wish to build.

The basic construction problem of any landscaping is the grading of the soil. Grading basically means building a slope or slopes into your garden. Such slopes assure the proper drainage of water, beautify the aspect of the house and make for easier maintenance.

Whether you intend a lawn, a garden or a terrace, grading comes first.

The best time to consider grading is when you undertake construction of your house. It is a simple matter to ask for a few additional inches between the entrance level and the ground level.

Yet these few inches will insure the easy development of a grade away from the house wall to improve the appearance of your surroundings and obtain a drier basement.

Measuring Your Grading
It is very difficult, even for a professional, to measure grades by eye. It is doubly difficult for the amateur. Therefore, if you have a grade to level, use as a guide a piece of twine that is pulled tight between two sticks imbedded in the ground.

For levelling, once you have done the rough work, use a long board as a straight edge along the ground to insure your accuracy.

Rough Grading and Drainage
Rough grading is the first step in lawn, garden or terrace construction. The extent of the grading will depend upon the condition of the ground, the desired ground levels and the attention that must be given to extreme slopes.

It is important to adhere as closely as possible to natural contours in grading, since this cuts expense considerably.

The first step in grading is to strip and separate topsoil from the areas in which the level is to be changed. Even if the grading is for construction of a stone or concrete terrace, saving the topsoil is important. In this case, spreading the topsoil in areas which are thin, or using it in the flower garden, can save you a good deal of money.

Once the topsoil is stripped, the subsoil can be graded to the contours desired; leaving sufficient space for adding the topsoil you have already removed. Remember to plan on a slope. For a lawn, a gentle slope is best, most experts recommending a minimum of 6 inches in slope for every 100 feet in lawn.

This same measurement can be effectively applied to stone terraces as well, to prevent the development of pools of water in rainy weather.

Grading for Terraces
In levelling an area for a terrace, there is no need to insert subsoil drainage. Save the topsoil. For almost all terraces, it is a good idea to tamp the soil, and even to pour a quantity of gravel cinder or crushed rock as a base.

Terraces require a level area as a rule, but the grade sloping away from the house should be maintained.