Gingivitis is an oral gum disease that is characterized by inflamed gums that may also become shiny, bright red, and purple. Mouth sores may also develop as a result of gingivitis, though the gums may not be painful unless pressure is applied to them. In addition, a person with gingivitis typically experiences bleeding of the gums even when brushing them gently and the gums may itch as well. The gums of a person may also recede, exposing the roots and leading to increased sensitivity.

The Cause of Gingivitis

Gingivitis is typically caused by the accumulation of bacterial plaque in the area between a person's teeth and gums combined with the formation of tartar on the teeth. Although the accumulation of bacteria and tartar may be microscopic in nature, the bacteria causes toxins and foreign chemicals to develop that results in the inflammation that is typical of gingivitis.

Long Term Effects of Gingivitis

If gingivitis is not treated, it will ultimately cause deep pockets to form between the gums and the teeth. As a result, periodontitis may develop. When this occurs, the person experiences bone loss around the teeth that can eventually cause the teeth to loosen and fall out.

Treating Gingivitis

In order to treat gingivitis, a dentist or dental hygienist must thoroughly clean both the gums and the teeth. The process generally is not painful and the inflammation usually disappears after one or two weeks if the patient maintains proper oral hygiene care following the cleaning. This includes brushing, flossing, and using an anti-bacterial rinse or mouthwash.

Preventing Gingivitis

The best way to prevent gingivitis is to brush and floss the teeth on a daily basis. In addition, research has indicated that there is a strong link between adequate calcium consumption and prevention of periodontal disease. Researchers believe this is because the calcium helps make the alveolar bone, which supports the teeth, stronger.