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[B725]Black White Landscape Photography

by Steve Grant, Ste

Exposure is basically the length of time that a camera’s shutter must be open to allow sufficient light to enter the camera and reach the film plane or digital sensor. This is determined by a direct relationship with the size of the aperture and the ISO set at the time of exposure. The smaller the aperture (the higher the number such as F16, F22 etc.), the less light that can reach the film plane or sensor, and so in order to have a correct exposure, the shutter must remain open for a longer period than if the aperture is larger (a smaller number like F2.8 or F4). Likewise, when a higher ISO is selected, this means that the type of film used, or the function of the sensor, is allowing less light to be needed to enable correct exposures.

These relationships between shutter speed, aperture and ISO settings are always directly related. In order to create a correctly exposed image, one cannot change one of these functions without the need to alter one or more of the other settings to directly compensate. For example, if we were to set a camera’s ISO at 100, an aperture at F8 and with a shutter speed of 1/60th second, and this resulted in a correct exposure for that situation and time, to then alter the aperture to F16 in order to achieve a better depth of field, to keep a correct exposure one would then need to compensate for the now greatly reduced amount of light reaching the film or sensor by increasing the amount of time the shutter is left open. In this example that would mean the shutter must be left open 4 times as long, which is 1/15th second. Every time you alter the aperture by a full increment or stop, it either halves or doubles the aperture size, depending upon which direction the aperture is altered. In this instance, changing the aperture from F8 to F16, means the aperture is getting smaller, and by a factor of 4X. The reason is that F11 is the next aperture along the scale, which is half the size of the F8 setting, and then F16 is half the aperture size of F11. So ½ x ½= ¼.

The other way that this shift in exposure can be compensated for is to change the ISO from 100 to 400. In the case of film, this really means a change of film, yet digitally this is simply achieved by a change of setting on the camera. ISO settings are easy to understand. The lower the number, the less sensitive the film or sensor is to light, and requires longer exposures to compensate. The advantage is generally a finer grained image, or in the case of digital, a cleaner looking image. The reverse is true with higher ISO settings. The higher the number, the more sensitive the film or sensor becomes, and less light is required.

Geoff Ross

Symmetry, repetition, contrast, asymmetry, coherence, symbolism, and a dash of irony—these are the major components that construct a beautiful photograph taken by exceptional photographer. These are also the very same components that one needs balance when taking one of the easiest yet most difficult subjects to photograph— landscapes.

LOOKING BACK

Since they are permanent, familiar, accessible, and part of nature, landscapes have been one of the most favorite subjects by most photographers. Landscape photography can be traced as early as 1849 when the book “Egypte, Nubie, Palestine et Syrie” containing prints of paper negatives was published. In the 19th century, many eminent landscape photographers emerged which dominate large photography collections in museums and galleries worldwide. Today, many budding photographers continue to fall in love with nature. And as they pursue the road to landscape photography, more and more works and techniques continue to emerge.

FALLING IN LOVE WITH LANDSCAPES

Unlike other kinds and styles of photography, most people would say that it is easy to take landscape photographs because you don't need to instruct you subject and you can choose whatever angle you want. On the contrary, most photographers believe that landscape photography is one of the most difficult because you will need an intense set of equipment and a very keen eye to make an “ordinary” scene quite extraordinary.

Imagine capturing the natural beauty of a majestic landscape with your camera and in your own preference. Here are some of the elements you need to pay attention to before you delve into the realms of landscape photography:

1. Camera, lens, and lens shade are great deals. Although you can use any camera, most photographers would recommend SLR or digital SLR because these give wider selection of lenses and ensure superior results. Wide-angle lenses are also advised because it gives a great view into any picture. In order to protect your lens, look for a good lens hood or shade.

2. Tripod is a must. This is a very invaluable and important asset for landscape photographers to avoid the blurred outcomes and to ensure the maximum depth of field.

3. Invest on film and filters. Any film today can be used because it can record nature's color vividly. You just have to be wise in using the right ISO film to avoid grains in your photo prints.

4. Consider camera position. This greatly affects the overall quality of your photo because it requires your creative decision. (TIP: If there is a horizon line in your composition, keep it leveled so there is a room for greater possibilities.)

5. Set the direction and the type of light to be used. Proper direction accompanied with balanced lighting will make or unmake your landscape piece so make sure that you visit the location and predict the weather before your shoot.

6. Be hands-on in post exposure manipulation. To get the job done, try to learn mastering the do's and don'ts in the darkroom so you'll get the result you desire.

Article Source : Landscape Photography Tips

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Steve Grant has sinced written about articles on various topics from Landscape Photography. Author Bio:- Geoff Ross is an acclaimed Australian landscape photographer, specializing in stunning . For more stunning landscape photograph. Steve Grant's top article generates over 4400 views. to your Favourites.

Low Jeremy has sinced written about articles on various topics from Home Management, Computers and The Internet and Elder Care. This content is provided by Low Jeremy. It may be used only in its entirety with all links included. For more information on photography & other useful information, please visit. Low Jeremy's top article generates over 368000 views. to your Favourites.