Some of the contributing factors to back injuries are:
?Muscle spasms or muscle strains.
?Sprains of the ligaments which are attached bone to bone.
?Joint problems
?Over exerting the use of your back muscles in activities that you may not be healthy enough, such as shoveling snow for extended periods or lifting heavy objects.

Along with learning and practicing proper body mechanics, improving your physical condition may help to improve your chances at avoiding back pain.

Here is a list of things that you can do to keep your back healthy and strong:
?Exercise: exercises that don't add strain to your back or ?jolt? your back such as low impact aerobics will help to strengthen and increase endurance in your back which will allow your muscles to function better. For starters Swimming and walking are good activities although you should still consult your doctor to find out which activities would be best for you.
?Try to maintain a healthy weight: The more weight that your body carries, the more strain that is being put on your back muscle. To reduce strain on your back muscles, try to lose a few pounds if you are overweight.
?Quit smoking: Studies have shown that Spinal tissue in smokers have diminished oxygen levels. The natural healing process is hindered due to this fact.
?Muscle strength and flexibility: Conditioning your back muscles through abdominal and back exercises (core strengthening) will help your muscles work together and act as a natural brace for your back. Working on the flexibility of your hips and upper legs will help improve how your back feels by aligning your pelvic bones.

Proper body posture and mechanics:
?Use good lifting techniques: When lifting objects (yes even light objects that may seem trivial) move straight up and down and let your legs do the work instead of your back. Hold your load close to your body while keeping your back straight and only bending at your knees. If the load is heavy or awkward find a partner to help you lift it. Always avoid lifting and twisting simultaneously.
?Proper sleeping methods: Seeing as on average we spend one third of our day in bed it is important to insure that when we sleep we are not ignoring our body mechanics. In the past people have been recommended to sleep on a firm mattress, but recent studies have shown that using a medium-firm mattress may have better effects. When using pillows for support make sure that the pillow is not forcing your neck up at a severe angle.
?Proper standing: If you are standing for long periods of time try to keep yourself in a neutral pelvic position. By alternating the placement of one of your feet on a low footstool you will help to take some of the stressful load off of your lower back.
?Sit properly: A chair with arm rests, a swivel base and good low back support will help to prevent back stress. To maintain your backs natural curve you can try to place a pillow or a rolled towel against the small of your back while sitting. Keeping your knees and hips level is also recommended.