The Internet has recently celebrated its thirty-sixth anniversary. Originally designed around 1969 to allow the exchange of packets of bits between computers, it remained for a long time restricted to the exchange of scientific data between scientists and secure information within governments. Then electronic mail and bulletin boards became increasingly popular among those with access to it.
Actually, it was only in the 1990s that the Internet became a popular means of communication. When in 1993, the US federal government opened up the network to commerce, the creation of the Hypertext Mark-Up Language (HTML) laid the basis for universal accessibility.
Since then the growth has been phenomenal. Different surveys today suggest that fifteen percent of people worldwide are using the Internet, or simply "the Net." The daily use of the World Wide Web is gaining tremendous popularity among those possessing the adequate tools and means to explore it, and the number of users increases by the hour. In fact, the Internet has revolutionized the computer and communications world like nothing before.
The invention of the telegraph, telephone, radio, and computer set the stage for this unprecedented integration of capabilities. The Internet is at once a world-wide broadcasting capability, a mechanism for information dissemination, and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals and their computers without regard for geographic location.
According to a recent research published by Gulli and Signorini (2005), Google claims to index more than 8 billion pages, MSN Beta claims about 5 billion pages, Yahoo! at least 4 billion and Ask/Teoma more than 2 billion. But estimating the size of the whole Web is quite difficult, due to its dynamic nature.
Nevertheless, it is possible to assess the size of the publicly indexable Web. As the two scholars state, the indexable Web is defined as "the part of the Web which is considered for indexing by the major engines." In their short paper, Gulli and Signorini managed to revise and update the estimated size of the indexable Web to at least 11.5 billion pages as of the end of January 2005. They also estimated the relative size and the overlapping that occurs by the largest Web search engines. Precisely Google was found to be the largest engine, followed by Yahoo!, Ask/Teoma, and MSN Beta.
Adopting the methodology proposed in 1997 by two other scholars, Bharat and Broder, but extending the number of queries used for testing from 35,000 in English, to more than 438,141 in 75 different languages, the two researchers remark that an estimate of the size of the web is useful in many situations, such as when compressing, ranking, spidering, indexing and mining the Web.
The Web, as it stands today, has allowed global interpersonal exchange on a scale unprecedented in human history. People separated by vast distances, or even large amounts of time, can use the Web to exchange, or even mutually develop, their most intimate and extensive thoughts, or alternately their most casual attitudes and spirits.
Emotional experiences, political ideas, cultural customs, musical idioms, business advice, artwork, photographs, literature, can all be shared and disseminated digitally with less individual investment than ever before in human history.
Broadband Internet access, which most often shortened to just “broadband", is high-speed Internet access contrasted with dial-up access over a modem. Dial-up modems are usually capable of only a maximum bitrate of 56 kbit/s and require the full use of a telephone line; while at the same time broadband technologies supply at least twice this speed without disrupting telephone usage. Even though various minimum speeds have been used in definitions of broadband, ranging up from 64 kbit/s up to 1.0 Mbit/s, the OCED report is typical in counting only download speeds equal to or faster than 256 kbit/s as broadband. Speeds are defined in terms of maximum download as several common consumers broadband technologies such as ADSL are "asymmetric", supporting much slower maximum upload speeds than download.
Broadband internet is sometimes called high-speed Internet, as it usually has a high rate of data transmission. Generally, any connection to the customer of 256 kbit/s (0.256 Mbit/s) or more is considered as broadband Internet. As per the International Telecommunication Union Standardisation Sector recommendation I.113, broadband is defined as a transmission capacity which is faster than primary rate ISDN, at 1.5 to 2 Mbit/s. Practically, the advertised bandwidth is not always readily available to the customer; ISPs generally allow a greater number of subscribers than the backbone connection can handle, under the assumption that most users will not be using their full connection capacity very frequently.
This aggregation strategy works in a way making the users typically burst to the full bandwidth most of the time. As there is an increase in the bandwidth delivered to end users, the market expects that the video on demand services streamed over the Internet will become more popular, though at the present time such services generally require specialised networks.
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