Many people wouldlook at span of drab grey concrete and see, well, a span of drab grey concrete.It should however, be seen as an opportunity. Decorative techniques in masonryhave advanced considerably and that concrete floor (or wall, or countertop) isa blank canvas. One technique gaining popularity is concrete staining.

 There are two typesof concrete stain: non-reactive and reactive. A non-reactive stain is awater-based acrylic stain that when applied, is absorbed into the surface poresof the concrete resulting in a opaque uniform color. A reactive stain (alsocalled a chemical or acid stain) is a stain that once applied, has a chemicalreaction with the concrete itself resulting in a very unique finish. Theresults can look like natural stone, polished marble, tanned leather, or evenstained wood, depending on the color and technique used to apply it.

 So how does anacid stain work? There arethree ingredients in an acid stain: water, metallic salts, and muriatic acid.When the stain is applied to a cement surface, the acid ?eats into? orpenetrates the surface and allows the the salts to react with the lime deposits(calcium hydroxide) in the cement. This reaction is fueled by the water andresults in the creation of colored compounds which are deposited deep in thecement. This creates a distinct pattern of color often described as?marbleized,? ?mottled,? or ?variegated.? 

 What does it look like? Thecolor compounds are actually contained in the metallic salts which means theycome in natural earth-tones. You can choose from shades of black, brown, green,orange, and copper.  The stain willproduce a beautiful translucent color and highlight the natural variations inthe concrete.  Factors like compositionof the concrete, age, texture, and environmental conditions can all effect thefinal pattern. While a professional can make an educated guess as to the levelof coloration (based on experience or an on-site sample), even they can bepleasantly surprised at the dramatic outcome.

 Are there any potential challenges? It should be noted that while stains highlight the natural variationsfound in the cement, they can also expose imperfections or blemishes.  Like wood, concrete is porous and isexcellent medium for staining, but if the canvas is marred by any type of dirt,glue, coating, or sealer, the stain will not fully penetrate.  A qualified professional can determine if andwhere any problem areas exist and whether or not they can be remedied.  Some may simply add to the character of yourfinish.

 Use a professional. You shouldalso be aware that while acid staining will never crack or peel, this means thefinish is very permanent. Choose your color carefully and approve an on-sitemock-up. Understand both the benefits and limitations of acid staining. Due tothe complex nature of this type of project you should work with a to guarantee a successful outcome.

 With the unlimited designpotential of stained concrete you can transform a dull grey concrete surfaceinto a work of art. Acid staining produces a dramatic permanent finish whilemaintaining the integrity and durability associated with concrete. It is anideal finish for anyone looking for something truly unique.