Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in most developed countries around the world, and the number of cases is rising constantly as a result of both modern lifestyles and increased overall longevity. While developing the condition can have a devastating impact on the sufferer's life, modern medicine has developed several effective treatments for heart disease, ranging from drugs and lifestyle improvements right through to surgery.
Of course, prevention is always better than cure, so before we look at some of the symptoms of cardiac disease we'll look at some of the ways you can help your body ward off the risks.
Living a healthy lifestyle can go a long way to reducing the chances of developing cardiac problems, but there is unfortunately an element of inherited risk, so even those with excellent overall health may find that they're genetically programmed towards heart disease in later life. Thankfully, the greatest influence genetics has on heart disease is that of making us more susceptible to certain causes, and with careful adjustments of our lifestyles we can greatly improve our prospects of avoiding it.
The two most deadly contributors to cardiac problems are smoking and obesity. Both of these can raise blood pressure to dangerous levels, putting extra strain on the heart. Smoking causes the build up of fatty deposits within the arteries, also causing circulation problems. Being overweight also tends to mean that a healthy diet is not being followed, and so the body may well be short of essential minerals and nutriments that the heart needs to keep on functioning healthily.
Stopping smoking and other unhealthy practices such as excessive drinking, along with improving diet and taking up exercise to reduce weight can go a long way towards averting problems.
The symptoms of a developing heart problem can be both subtle and dramatic. Unfortunately, many of the symptoms can also signify other less dangerous conditions, and so a diagnosis of heart disease is often made later than it could have been. If you come across more than one of the symptoms below, then a trip to your doctor is highly advisable.
Breathlessness when engaged in physical exercise is normal to some extent for almost everyone, but if you find you're becoming breathless more and more easily then this is a clear sign that your general fitness levels aren't all they could be, and that your heart may be struggling under the pressure.
Palpitations, that is a heavily or unevenly beating heart, can be a sign of anxiety or can come on after extreme exercise, but if neither of these situations apply then heart problems could well be the culprit.
A tingling feeling in bodily extremities such as fingers, toes or lips is often a sign that your cirulation system isn't delivering enough oxygen, again a sign of possible heart problems. Should your extremeities go on to develop a blueish colour then this is certainly not a good sign, and medical attention should be sought at once.
The final and most obvious sign of cardiac problems is a feeling of tightness or pain in the chest, a condition known as angina. If you feel chest pain with any regularity, even if not particularly severely, a medical check up is advisable to make sure you catch any problems as early as possible. Angina can be controlled very well by medication in many cases, and doesn't necessarily have to develop into full-blown heart disease.
In summary, living a healthy lifestyle while keeping an eye out for the symptoms will greatly reduce the risk of your life being devastated by heart disease.
Systmic (left-sided) Hypertensive heart disease
The minimal criteria for the diagnosis of systemic hypertensive heart disease are the following: (1) left ventricular hypertrophy (usually concentric) in the absence of other cardiovascular pathology that might have induced it and (2) a history or pathologic evidence of hypertension. The Framingham heart study established unequivocally that even mild hypertension (levels only slightly above 140/90) mm Hg) if sufficiently prolonged induces left ventricular hypertrophy. Approximately 25% of the U.S. population suffers from hypertension of at least this degree. In hypertension, hypertrophy of the heart is an adaptive response to pressure overload which can lead to myocardial dysfunction, cardiac dilation , congestive heart failure and sudden death.
Compensated systemic hypertensive heart disease may be asymptomatic and suspected only in the appropriate clinical setting by ECG or echocardiographic indications of left ventricular enlargement. As already emphasized, other causes for such hypertrophy must be excluded. In many causes for such hypertrophy must be excluded. In many patients, systemic hypertensive heart disease comes to attention by the onset of atrial fibrillation (owing to left atrial enlargement) or congestive heart failure with cardiac dilation or both. Depending on the severity of the ypertension its duration the adequacy of therapeutic control and underlying basis, the patient may enjoy normal longevity and die of unrelated causes, may develop progressive IHD owing to the effects of hypertension in potentiating coronary atherosclerosis, may suffer progressive renal damage or cerebrovascular accident, or may experience progressive heart failure or sudden cardiac death. There is substantial evidence that effective control of hypertension can prevent or lead to regression of cardiac hypertrophy and its associated risks.
Cor pulmonale, as pulmonary hypertensive heart disease is frequently called, constitutes right ventricular hypertrophy, dilation, and potentially failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension caused by disorders of the lungs or pulmonary vasculature and is the right sided counterpart of left sided(systemic) hypertensive heart disease. Although quite common, right ventricular thickening and dilation caused either by congenital heart disease or by disease of the left side of the heart and the resultant pulmonary venous hypertension owing to postcapillary obstruction to blood flow are exclude from this definition of cor pulmonale.
Based on the suddenness of development of pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale may be acute or chronic Acute cor pulmonale can follow massive pulmonary embolism. Chronic cor pulmonale usually implies right ventricular hypertrophy and dilation) secondary to prolonged pressure overload owing to obstruction of the pulmonary arteries or arterioles or compression obliteration of septal capillaries (e.g., owing to primary pulmonary hypertension or emphysema)
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