Elder abuse is defined as mistreatment or improper treatment that includes physical, sexual, emotional abuse or confinement. Neglect is broader and includes self neglect, which is more common than one would think. Neglect includes not giving proper attention to a person who needs assistance, such as leaving a person unattended who needs care. Self neglect occurs when an individual does not care for their physical or medical needs. Financial exploitation also falls under these categories.
Self neglect occurs in about 48% of cases reported to county social service agencies. Psychological, emotional and physical abuse by family members constitutes 20% of the cases and 13% is represented by financial or material exploitation. (Source: Olinger, David. Elderly Abuse Rising Statewide. Denver Post, 1/23/2005 p. 1a, 8a.). It is surprising to find that family members represent the main source of financial exploiters.
The abuser is most often a family member living with the older adult: 32.5% child, 19.2% other relatives, 14.4% spouse. (Totara, 1993). Many times, the abuse is accepted by the family as a normal way of life and is not seen as a problem. The abuse normally results from a long term abusive relationship. The victim is usually dependent on the abuser for care and assistance.
In cases where the mature adult has Alzheimer's disease or another form of dementia abuse is most common. The demands on the family caregiver are substantial, especially when the older adult cannot be left alone and there are few others who can assist. It is in many of these cases when a child moves in to take care of a parent that financial abuse occurs because the child becomes dependent on the income of the parent. In many cases the family caregiver suffers from depression and other chronic health issues. While this does not excuse the potential for abuse, it offers a basis to educate family caregivers on the need to seek outside assistance.
Self abuse, the most common form of neglect also occurs more frequently in mature adults with Alzheimer's disease or another form of dementia. These individuals fail to perform daily activities of hygiene, nutrition and medication compliance and housekeeping because of advanced cognitive impairment. If no children or family members are available, the individual becomes isolated and falls within the cracks of society with no one noticing the self neglect until an event occurs where the mature adult becomes lost, has a house fire or has an interaction with a neighbor who reports the individual to county social services.
As the number of mature adults increases in society, those who come in contact with individuals who may be suffering from neglect or self abuse have a duty to ask questions in order to offer protection to those who may not be able to care for themselves.
- When somebody attempts or causes physical injury to an elder - When the family member or staff of a nursing home try to or is trying to place an elder in terror or alarm of physical harm by torment, threat or harassment - When one is convincing or persuading an elder by strength or intimidation to participate in a certain act from which the elder has the right to withhold - When one meaningfully confines the movements of an elder without his consent - Threatening the elder to a crime of violence
1. Detecting Abuse:
- Burn markings from cigarette - Black eye, lacerations, bruises or cuts that can not be explained - Rope marks, a sign that the elder had been tied or slashed upon - Hair loss, a sign that the elder's hair was pulled - Bodily sores and wounds - Fingernails that are broken - The elder's skin is very poor condition - Fractures of the bone - Bite marks - Eye glasses are broken - Laboratory results are positive of drug overdose - The elder displays a sudden change of behavior - The care giver refuses to allow visitors to see the elder
2. Signs Of Neglect:
- Sores are untreated - Displays significant signs of malnutrition - May show signs of insanity - Lack of personal hygiene care
3. Signs Of Emotional Abuse:
- May display a nervous behavior - Constantly be disturbed or upset - Displays a negative attitude - Always in anxiety - Demonstrate signs of insecurity, such as constant sucking or biting of the fingers
4. Financial Abuse:
- Unknown withdrawal from the elder's account - Unusual ATM withdrawals and switching of accounts - The elder tend to withdraw money often - The elder does not receive his pension or Social Security check from the mail - The elder, without any valid reason, revises his will and changes his beneficiary - The elder unexplainably signs contracts that results to unwanted financial commitment - Signature was forged - The elder has plenty of unpaid bill, despite his assets that can very well cover the bill - Strange credit card charges
5. Signs Of Sexual Abuse
- Mysterious and unexplained genital infection - Anal or vaginal bleeding that can not be explained - Ripped underwear - The elder may tell someone that she has been sexually abused - Genitals are bruised - The elder may report that her care giver is showing her pornographic materials - The report of the elder that she is forced to touch someone's genitals, observe sexual acts, tell dirty stories and pose nude for a picture
6. How Can You Prevent Abuse To Yourself As An Elder?
- Keep and continue contacts with friends and neighbors - Work out on a buddy system with other elders in the home - Be active socially, do not be in isolation - Protest and speak up if you are not happy or contented with the way your caregiver or other family member treats you. Tell somebody - Request your friends and other relatives to visit you often - Open your mail personally - Never sign anything unless it was reviewed by someone that you trust - Always review your will once in a while - Coordinate so that your pension or Social Security check be deposited directly to your bank account than being sent by mail
7. How Can You Prevent Abuse To Others?
- Pay attention. Be wary and look out for signals that might point towards abuse - Call your loved one as frequently as possible - Visit your loved one often and make certain that she is well taken cared of - Always be open to your loved one, taking the time to always talk to her and assure her that you are there to help and can be trusted - Get permission to periodically look into your loved one's bank accounts as well as credit card statements for unauthorized withdrawals or transactions
8. How To Get Help If You Or Someone You Know Is Suffering Abuse:
911 or your local police emergency number or your local hospital emergency room
1225 Eye Street, NVW Suite 725 National Center on Elder Abuse Washington, DC 20005 (202) 898-2586 Fax: (202) 898-2583
Area Agency on Aging Almost all States have information as well as a referral line that can be useful and helpful in locating and finding services for elder abuse and neglect victims.
National Domestic Violence Hotline The hotline provides support counseling for victims of domestic violence and provides links to 2,500 local support services for abused women. The hotline operates 24 hours a day, every day of the year. 1-800-799-SAFE TDD 1-800-787-3224
Both Pamela Dombrowski-wilson & are contributors for EditorialToday. The above articles have been edited for relevancy and timeliness. All write-ups, reviews, tips and guides published by EditorialToday.com and its partners or affiliates are for informational purposes only. They should not be used for any legal or any other type of advice. We do not endorse any author, contributor, writer or article posted by our team.
Pamela Dombrowski-wilson has sinced written about articles on various topics from Elder Care, Disease & illness and Home Buyers Guide. Pamela D. Wilson is a care navigator supporting mature adults and their family members with health care and related decisions. Visit Pamela D. Wilson, Inc. at