You would think with all the zest humans have for the next great thing, that once it comes along, we might appreciate it more. But the only thing that comes faster then new technology, is how soon people move on to the next thing. The phone was one of the greatest inventions ever. You would think that when it came along, that people fell in love with it. Imagine, being able to talk to people that you normally couldn't speak to, unless they came for a visit. Being able to keep in touch with family and friends that lived far away. How could people ever tire of answering their phones? Well, they did grow tired of answering the phones, and apparently in a big way.
For every problem, we would like to have a solution, and the solution for that ringing phone that you can't, or don't want to pick up, is the answering machine. The phone was invented in 1876. In 1898, a Danish inventor named Valdemar Poulsen, was given a patent for a machine he called a telegraphone. This was widely considered the first piece of equipment that could magnetically record sound and reproduce it. Valdemar later designed a model that could answer the phone and record a message, automatically. And thus, the telephone answering machine had arrived.
In the 1920s, the telephone service providers in Europe and the U.S. had different ways of looking at the use of answering machines. In Europe, the market was wide open and many inventors were trying to take part in this new field. But the U.S. market appeared closed. AT&T had a monopoly and actually banned the use of early versions of answering machines on the public network. They only allowed them to be used on private or independent systems.
AT&T kept fighting to protect its monopoly, but the end of World War II brought change. The FCC was under pressure from inventors, so in 1949, they ruled that automatic answering machines could be used on AT&T lines, but there were restrictions on which machines could be used and who controlled their use. Realizing their fate, AT&T began offering answering machines to their customers by 1951. Even though Europe took a liking to the answering machine, before the U.S., by the 1960s the U.S. market for answering machines was probably larger then Europe.
The 1970s saw the answering machine become cheaper and cheaper because of the use of microelectronics. The 1980s saw answering machines flood into the market; most were made by Asian firms, or made by them and sold under U.S. trade names. Since the 1980s, the number of U.S. homes with answering machines have leveled off.
Nowadays, the answering machine is used less to record calls and used more to screen calls. Telemarketers have gotten out of hand. They call people every hour of the day, even on weekends and you throw in the internet, where apparently private information is there for public viewing, no one knows who's calling. The answering machine is being used more as a utility for safety, then it is for its original intended purpose; which I think was to record calls from people we actually wanted to speak to.
As a freelance missionary, a social critic, and (I should add) a self-professed moral failure; I watched Obama's speech this morning with great interest. I couldn't help but thinking to myself that I was witnessing a profound moment in history, something that would have been unthinkable 40, 30, or even 20 years ago. I've never publicly endorsed a political candidate and I don't plan on doing so here (to be quite frank, I have some serious disagreements with the Senator on a variety of issues), but what I heard in the Senator's speech this morning was a man who is both Caucasian and African-American (howbeit African-American in a non-traditional sense) pleading with members of both races to look past their prejudices, abandon the politics of discontentment, and unite under a common vision for the good of all.
As a white American evangelical, I've clearly grown up on one side of the discontentment divide. My politically conservative Christian background has taught met to emphasize personal responsibility in the political sphere, but eschew racism in the private sphere. The way this usually translates on the white side of the discontentment divide goes something like this: "I'm sick and tired of black people (and other minorities) getting special treatment just because of what my ancestors did. If there are racial inequalities in our country between black people and white people, then it's their own damn fault and-for the love of God-I'm sick and tired of being called a racist!"
Given my racial and socio-economic status, I can understand this sentiment very well and, ironically, Obama seems to understand it too, which is why he didn't condemn this type of thinking outright in his speech. Rather than pointing his finger at white discontentment as an example of systemic racism, Obama put the blame on special interest groups and corporate greed. While one can easily disagree with this analysis, depending on whatever side of the political divide you find yourself on, it's not so easy to dismiss the fact that, for the first time that I can think of, a formidable black candidate for the President of the United States has officially given voice to white discontentment-without using the wrath provoking word "racist."
To further drive home the point, Obama spoke of his white grandmother who loved him, cared for him, played a significant role in raising him, and occasionally gave voice to racially insensitive stereotypes. Obama's point, which was in no uncertain terms relevant to the current Jeremiah Wright debacle, is simply this: people are more complex than than the sum of their racial discontentment.
The hallmark of the speech for me was when Obama addressed the history behind the current economic and achievement divide between black people and white people in the U.S.A. I've known for a while that the violence in the ghettos, the breakdown of the black family, and whatever other deficiencies currently present in black culture aren't simply a matter of black inferiority verses white superiority, but there are historical factors that have produced the situation today. The problem has been that I've never been able to explain these historical factors to the average discontented white male (including myself). This is where the speech struck the deepest note in me:
"Understanding this reality requires a reminder of how we arrived at this point. As William Faulkner once wrote, 'the past isn't dead and buried. In fact, it isn't even past.' We do not need to recite here the history of racial injustices in this country, but we do need to remind ourelves that so many of the disparities that exist between the African American community and the larger American community today can be traced directly to inequalities passed on from an earlier generation that suffered under the brutal legacy of slavery and Jim Crow.
Segregated schools were and are inferior schools. We still haven't fixed them 50 years after Brown Vs Board of Education and the inferior education they provided, then and now, helps explain the pervasive achievement gap between today's black and white students. Legalized discrimination, where blacks were prevented often through violence from owning property, where loans were not granted to African American business owners, where black home owners could not access FHA mortgages, where blacks were excluded from unions, or the police force, or the fire department, meant that black families could not amass any meaningful wealth to bequeath to future generations. That history helps to explain the wealth and income gap between blacks and whites and the concentrated pockets of poverty that persists in so many of today's urban and rural communities.
A lack of economic opportunity among black men and the shame and frustration that came from not being able to provide for one's family contributed to the erosion of black families, a problem that welfare policies for many years may have worsened. And the lack of basic service in so many urban black neighborhoods, parks for kids to play in, police walking the beat, regular garbage pick up, building code enforcement, all helped create a cycle of violence, blight, and neglect that continues to haunt us."
In sum, I didn't agree with everything that Obama had to say in his speech (especially when it came to his one- sided statement putting the blame solely on radical Islam and none on Israel for the current problems in the Middle East), but, on the whole, I think it was an important speech that everyone in our nation needs to hear. Rather than just playing to one side of the racial divide, Obama challenged white people to understand the roots of black anger and black people to get past their anger and take personal responsibility for their lives. Perhaps there really is something to this "removing the plank from your own eye" business a humble carpenter from Nazareth stated so beautifully 2,000 years ago.
Both Michael Russell & Aaron Taylor are contributors for EditorialToday. The above articles have been edited for relevancy and timeliness. All write-ups, reviews, tips and guides published by EditorialToday.com and its partners or affiliates are for informational purposes only. They should not be used for any legal or any other type of advice. We do not endorse any author, contributor, writer or article posted by our team.
Michael Russell has sinced written about articles on various topics from Celebrities, Dieting and Diabetes Treatment. Michael RussellYour Independent guide to . Michael Russell's top article generates over 2240000 views. to your Favourites.
Aaron Taylor has sinced written about articles on various topics from Politics, Facts about Barack Obama and Phones. Aaron Taylor is the founder of Great Commission Society, a missionary organization dedicated to serving indigenous ministries working in the least evangelized areas of the world.. Aaron Taylor's top article generates over 49500 views. to your Favourites.