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by David C Skul, Dav
The basic idea of time banking is that everyone can contribute to the welfare of the community by making exchange of services with the others. As an example, if a person needs his car to be repaired, a second person needs flowers for his front yard and another person needs a new table for his kitchen, they could make a deal one with another, even if they don't have the money to pay for these services. In order to make these kind of exchanges, people who generally don't meet need to interact, and they need an infrastructure for doing this. This infrastructure is now here.

Time banking is based on time currencies, the units of time exchange. The name of the time currency is different from one time bank to another, but, in every situation, one hour of work has an equal value with one hour of any other kind of work.

The person who had the greatest influence on the time banking movement is Edgar Cahn, a former lawyer. While he was recovering after a heart attack he began thinking about the influence of the 80 hours of work a week on the relationships with his community and family, and imagining the terrible effects of medical emergencies on the uninsured and underinsured. In the 1980s Cahn made known his ideas and he created the concept named time banking, as a solution for these problems. After broughting the time banking concept to Maine, Cahn has launched a pilot time bank here in 1998.

Time banking is expanding and time banks, such as Cahn's Time Dollar networks, now exits in many states of the world, including every state of the U.S., Canada, Japan and Western Europe. For instance, in the U.K. there are more than 140 time banks which have more than 5,000 members. One of these time banks, Time For Health, has been so effective that the U.K.'s National Health Service has commissioned a study on how it works.

Offering equal pay for equal time, time banking has positive effects on women and people of color, whose work has been often under-compensated in the market economy. A proof is that Spain's time banking movement's slogan was in the beginning, "Sharing: Promoting the Equality of Time Among Men and Women". Time banking is also used to offer medical care to the uninsured and underinsured, because many of the members earn too much money to receive free services, but they don't get health insurance through their jobs.

Edgar Cahn has a new purpose: to create accessibility for groups that are deprived of their citizenship rights and to increase leaders' consciousness of race and class issues in time banking.



Offensive? distasteful? Or funny? If you like this joke then you are one of a growing number of people to appreciate 'anti-humour', a new genre of humour gaining cult status in both the UK and US. Purposely countering comedy tradition, many say it is overtaking observational humour to become the new ‘alternative comedy.’

Wikipedia describes it as ‘a type of indirect humour that involves the joke-teller delivering something which is deliberately not funny or lacking in intrinsic meaning'. Originally an underground phenomenon, anti-humour now has a countless number of fans including mainstream comedians such as Bill Bailey and Jimmy Carr. Websites dedicated to jokes (such as comedy central's site) have caught onto the penomenon and have begun including an anti-humour or anti-joke section. But is anti-humour the future of comedy or just a passing phase?

In effect an ‘umbrella’ term, Anti-humour takes under its wing a number of joke-telling styles. Below are some examples,

The mundane ending relies on introducing an unexpectedly commonplace ending.

Q:What is the difference between a boy and a girl?
A:The boy is eight times more likely to be convicted of murder.

Or in the unanticipated use of technical or circumlocutional language as in the popular ‘Johnny big head’ joke below,

Johnny comes back from school crying and says, "Mommy all the kids in the school say I have a big head."
His mother replies, "No you don't Johnny. You have a hideously deformed head. The other children are merely hiding the truth to protect your feelings."

Nonsense jokes are funny because they have no meaning or are illogical or absurd.

A guy decides to buy a new ceiling fan, but the salesman says, "Well I'm all out of tuna fish."
So the guy says louder, "I want a ceiling fan."
But the salesman says, "I told you, I'm all out of tuna fish."
The guy frustrated, yells, "I WANT A CEILING FAN!"
Then the salesman takes his earplugs out, and says, "Oh I'm sorry, I couldn't hear you. I thought you were a guy who wanted tuna fish."

Dark humour attempts to shock the recipient, often taking something harmless and extracting humour by giving it a sinister twist (such as the dead baby jokes currently popular),

Q:Why did the Jolly Green Giant get kicked out of the garden?
A:Statutory rape of a guard.

A shaggy dog story is an elongated and involved joke with a feeble or nonexistent ending. Its humour relies on its anti-climactic punch line. Take a look at this example ( http://www.badpuns.com/jokes.php?section=shaggy&name=shaggydog )
Although there is no doubt that there has been a recent upsurge in the popularity of 'anti-humour', it could be argued that the origins of the genre have been around since modern comedy began. Probably one of the oldest jokes on the comedy circuit is ‘The Aristocrats’. Based on a short story involving a travelling family (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Aristocrats_(joke)), it encompasses all the above categories of ’anti-humour’ and is considered a kind of ‘secret handshake’ amongst many comedians. So popular is it in fact, that in 2005 a documentary film was based on it, featuring comedians such as Whoopi Goldberg, Billy Connelly and Eric Idle. Nevertheless, it's recognition only recently is another example of the popularity anti-humour has gained of late.

Anti-humour is unashamedly a rebellion against the classic joke. By subverting the traditional ending and/or increasing it's shock value, it turns the classic joke on its head, mocking it with it‘s own format. One wonders whether anti-humour always existed, as a kind of relief to comedians tired of worn out jokes. Maybe it was a way to bring humour back to comedy, so it wasn’t work anymore.

However, Todd Jackson writer of comedy blog www.dead-frog.com sees anti-humour more as a progression in comedy audience's tastes,

“It's for and from sophisticated audiences who know comedians and their tells well enough that it becomes funnier to watch humour eat its own tail than hear a tried-and-true punch line."

He references a New York Times article that talks of the general public being much more self-conscious about being funny and in this way suggests a similarity between observational humour and anti-humour.

Anti-humour appears to be keeping fresh what is clearly well-worn territory. In the way that some conceptual artists bring life to what is an old establishment by taking a traditional format and subverting it, one could say that anti-humour is breathing new life into a tired comedy tradition. Just as all art forms naturally progress, anti-humour appears to be the next step for comedy. Particularly popular with young people and one site paving the way for the genre is www.itsnotfunny.co.uk which has some really a good / bad examples of anti humor that are submitted by university students from all over the country. It seems that anti-humour will only gain popularity over the next couple of years and that it is undeniably here to stay.

Interestingly, Jackson mentions that his online aristocrats joke database now also includes some aristocrats jokes that include a straight and clean version of the family’s act. It seems that even in the case of anti-humour, subversion can be subverted.



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