Symptoms 1-excessive urination 2- weakness 3- weight loss
Notes from readings
-pancreas either produces insufficient amounts of insulin or body cells become resistant to the hormone's effects.
-Type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
-Although dietary measures are also important, it must be treated with insulin injections. About 60,000 people in the UK have this type of diabetes.
-The pancreas continues to secrete insulin but cells in the body become resistant to its effects.
-Diabetes mainly affects people over the age of 40 and is more common in overweight people.
-Condition may be treated with dietary measures only.
-Diabetes mellitus can sometimes develop during pregnancy. This is called gestational diabetes and is usually treated with insulin to maintain the health of the mother and baby.
-Type 1 diabetes is usually caused by an abnormal reaction in which the immune system destroys insulin-secreting cells in the pancreas.
-Type 2 diabetes are less well understood, but the genetics and obesity are important factors.
-The symptoms of type 2 may not be obvious or may go unnoticed until a routine medical check-up. The main symptoms of both forms may include:
-Excessive urination
-Thirst and a dry mouth
-Insufficient sleep because of the need to urinate at night. -Lack of energy
-Blurry vision
-Weight loss
Symptoms of type 2 may go unnoticed until routine medical check up.
The main symptoms of both forms may include: -excessive urination -thirst and a dry mouth -insufficient sleep because of the need to urinate at night. -Lack of energy -Blurry vision -Weight loss
The main symptoms of ketoacidosis include: -nausea and vomiting, sometimes with abdominal pain. -Deep breathing. -Acetone smell to the breath (like pear drops or nail polish remover) -Confusion.
Living with diabetes: -A healthy diet -Drinking and smoking -Special care for your feet. -Exercise and sports. -Strenuous exercise -Moderate exercise -Medical check up -Eye examination -Blood pressure measurement.
Treatment for: Type 1 Insulin can be injected into any fatty area, such as upper arm.
Source: Dr Miriam Stoppard , Doling Kindersley Ltd 2002 'Family Health Guide', pages 504 to 507.
- Diabetes is a growing healthcare challenge worldwide.
-A considerable proportion of people either have impaired glucose tolerance with a significant risk of development of diabetes, or have undiagnosed Type 2 diabetes.
-Pivotal to reducing the risk of morbidity and the development of complications and mortality is the normalisation of both fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels.
-diabetes is reaching epidemic proportions worldwide, with between 5 and 10% of the world population affected.
- People with diabetes have approximately twice the prevalence of hypertension compared with non-diabetic patients
-40% of subjects were defined as hypertensive on entry (receiving antihypertensive treatment or with a mean systolic blood pressure ? 160 mmHg and/or a mean diastolic blood pressure ? 90 mmHg)
-People with diabetes are 17 times more prone to kidney disease, with diabetic nephropathy being the most common complication [11]. Diabetic nephropathy may eventually lead to end-stage renal disease and thus significant mortality.
-Approximately 30-40% of people with diabetes develop retinopathy, and diabetes is the most common cause of blindness in the working years of life in developed countries
-According to a 1997 estimate [12], 120 million people have Type 2 diabetes (approximately 2% of the world population) and an additional 4 million have Type 1 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes accounts for more than 85% of all cases of diabetes in developed countries and almost all cases in developing countries. It appears to be epidemic (affecting a high and increasing proportion of the population) in many parts of the world, and represents a serious and growing global health challenge primarily as a result of increased obesity, ageing populations, increasing urbanisation and a more sedentary lifestyle [34, 35]. However, data from many parts of the world with high and increasing prevalence (Asia, Latin America, China) are not broadly based, and so this estimate is likely to be markedly low.
-Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common childhood diseases in developed European countries and the incidence has increased dramatically in some newly prosperous countries
-The incidence of Type 2 diabetes in particular is expected to increase considerably as developing countries become more Westernised in terms of availability of healthcare and modernisation of existing resources, as well as a result of substantial improvements in diabetes surveillance and screening. Growth is projected to be greatest in Asia and Africa, where diabetes could become 2-3 times more common than it is today [12]. By 2025, more than 75% of people with diabetes will be from developing countries, compared with 62% in 1995
-Type 2 diabetes suggests a need for continuing attention to control of blood glucose, blood pressure and blood lipids through medication, diet and exercise. People with Type 1 diabetes, and increasingly those with Type 2 diabetes, have the additional burden of subcutaneous insulin injections, self-monitoring and care of their insulin supplies and equipment.
Direct Quote Dr Miriam's definition of diabetes is: "the inability of the body to use glucose for energy due to inadequate amounts of or loss of sensitivity to, the hormone insulin."
Dr Miriam Stoppard. 2002, Family Health Guide, Dorling Kindersley Ltd, England, Page 504
Paraphrase The body uses glucose as energy in order to perform work and if it fails because of insufficient amount of insulin (which is essential for the absorption of glucose) or because the body cells become more resistant to the hormone's effect then we end up with the non-healthy state called diabetes.
Summary Dr Stoppard states that "Glucose from the blood stream is the main source of energy for the body's cells. Its absorption is enabled by the pancreas, which produces insulin. Among people suffering from diabetes mellitus, a build up of toxic by- products, like acetone with a pear drop smell, in the body occurs. This is caused by the use of other sources of energy than glucose. Hence the unused glucose accumulates in the blood and urine, causing high blood sugar levels. 1 in 10 diabetes depends on self administered injections of insulin and the rest take oral drug and are careful about their diet. These treatments are vital in preventing the symptoms of high blood sugar level like frequent passing of urine, thirst and loss of weight as well as complications leading to peripheral nerve disorders which may affect the eyes, kidneys, the cardiovascular system. The weakening of the immune system may also cause infections like cystitis."
Dr Miriam Stoppard. 2002, Family Health Guide, Dorling Kindersley Ltd, England, Page 504
Plan
1-Introduction a-Definition b-Types of diabetes c-Brief description of each diabetes 2-Causes a-Causes of Type 1 diabetes more frequent in children b-Causes of Type 2 diabetes more frequent in adults 3-Symptoms a- Both short term and long term consequences in case of non treatment for both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. 4-Treatment a-The use of insulin to control diabetes in both Type 1 and Type 2 5-Short Term and Long Term complications. a-Short term and long term effect in Type 1 diabetes b-Short term and long term effect in Type 2 diabetes 6-Conclusion a-healthy diet b- healthy lifestyle 7-Bibliography
Introduction Diabetes mellitus is developing in epidemic proportions in today's world with 5 to 10% of the worldwide population affected. This disease is defined by Dr Stoppard, "as the inability of the body to use glucose for energy due to inadequate amounts of or loss of sensitivity to, the hormone insulin". Which means that the body uses glucose in order to perform work and if it fails because of insufficient amount of insulin or because the body cells become more resistant to the hormone's effect then we end up with the non-healthy state called diabetes.
There are two types of diabetes: 1-Type 1 which is caused by the abnormal reaction in which the immune system destroys insulin secreting cells in the pancreas. It is more common in childhood. 2-Type 2 which causes are less understood. However, genetics and overweight are important factors.
Causes Diabetes of Type 1 is usually caused by some viral diseases which affect the immune system of the child, though the genetic factor of one parent suffering from type 1 diabetes may have some effect, however most children who develop type 1 diabetes do not have parents with diabetes. As for Type 2 diabetes it is the increase in food intake which leads to overweight and obesity as well as the living of a sedentary lifestyle and it mostly affects adults.
Symptoms Both types of diabetes have the same symptoms where there is excessive urination which account for the thirst and dry mouth but also for the insufficient sleep at night because of the need to go to the toilet. This state is paralleled by the lack of energy; blur vision and quick weight loss, abdominal pain, deep breathing and acetone smell breath may also consist of symptoms of diabetes.
Treatment While the Type 1 diabetes have to submit themselves to the burden of insulin injection, self monitoring and the care of their insulin supplies and equipments, though the Type 2 diabetes have the need to control their blood glucose, their blood pressure and their blood lipids these may be done through medication, diet and exercise but sometimes in addition the Type 2 diabetes have to make insulin injections as the Type 1's diabetes with all the inconvenience attached to it. As for treatment by insulin Dr Stoppard states that "Glucose from the blood stream is the main source of energy for the body's cells. Its absorption is enabled by the pancreas, which produces insulin. Among people suffering from diabetes mellitus, a build up of toxic by-products, like acetone with a pear drop smell, in the body occurs. This is caused by the use of other sources of energy than glucose. Hence the unused glucose accumulates in the blood and urine, causing high blood sugar levels. 1 in 10 diabetes depends on self administered injections of insulin and the rest take oral drug and are careful about their diet. These treatments are vital in preventing the symptoms of high blood sugar level like frequent passing of urine, thirst and loss of weight as well as complications leading to peripheral nerve disorders which may affect the eyes, kidneys, the cardiovascular system. The weakening of the immune system may also cause infections like cystitis."
Hence, no complete cure of diabetes exist, for it is a chronic disease but it can be controlled so as not to cause more severe damage to the body which is affected by it. For that a healthy diet with special attention to avoid excessive drinking of alcoholic beverages and smoking. Special care should also be taken with the feet and the eyes. Medical check up as well as blood pressure measurement should be regular. While sports should be practiced excessive strenuous exercise should be avoided.
Short Term and Long Term effect If left unattended the diabetes mellitus may give rise to both short-term and long term complications. In case of Type 1 neglect of treatment may lead to nausea and vomiting accompanied by abdominal pain and deep breathing, while an acetone smell breath is noted. If left untreated the subject quickly enter in a confusion state where dehydration may lead to coma and death. As for the Type 2 diabetes if left untreated as is often the cause long term diseases like cardiovascular diseases occurs which may end up in a stroke. These are consequences of high blood pressure and elevated cholesterol in the blood. There is an increase risk of cataracts in the eyes and symptoms of dizziness upon standing and poor circulation because of nerve damage may lead to ulcers and gangrene.
Conclusion In conclusion it can be said that the Diabetes mellitus is a disease that compel the one suffering from it to adopt a healthier lifestyle so as to control the devastation that the disease may cause to the body and to avoid the shortening of one's life. (810 words)
2- Dr Miriam Stoppard, 2002, Family Health Guide, Doling Kindersley Ltd, England
The most important of all emergency events of catastrophe is fire damage whether it is in building, office or your home. There are many precautions which are taken by many to prevent the same but when natural calamities have to strike, it will. There is not much option at the onset of fire breakage because of its fatal nature but there are safety measures as well as preventive tricks which can be used to lessen the amount of loss the fire damage incurs.
Fire damage do not only cause structural and capital loss but it even makes many of the people sick in terms of health. This has many reasons attached to it as the onset of fire until complete recover provides with many kind of by products which when comes into the contact of human can prove to be fatal.
There is a large amount of smoke that fumes out of the source of the breakage which within some time makes the whole venue full of smoke. This causes many of the resident or people present there at venue feel uncomfortable and uneasy with many of the people even fainting. There are many instances when victims have been badly burnt and cause permanent fire damage to the body in many ways.
Health is the most important factor which remains as the most valuable asset one can have and it's very important that one takes care of it especially during this event. It's very necessary that all the people present at the venue of fire breakage evacuate the place to protect themselves from further injuries and severe fire damage which might result in death in many cases.
After the fire breakage is completely dealt with and the process of fire damage recovery and redecoration have started, it's very important to take professional help and make place completely free from any kinds of left outs of hazardous particles and substances which after assimilating in air can prove to be a great hindrance in healthy life.
The process of recovering from fire breakage can give enough chance and room to mold and mildews along with many unwanted infiltration to join you when you start living at the same place again. Mold and mildews are very dangerous and these beings can cause lots of damage in your healthy life as they are very tiny in nature and are not seen mostly with open eyes.
Molds and mildews after entering in to the body in anyways either through air or by making their way through food can prove to be fatal and can give rise to many other symptoms of not so good news in terms of health.
Preventive measure should be taken in terms of protective gear which should be handy and easily accessible as these gears can save your life by protecting you from fire as well smoke that comes out of it.
Strength of the building should be checked before thinking of putting up at the same place again and because of so many hassles coming in way; it should be always checked and asked for professional help to make sure you and your family is safe from any kinds of health hazards and further fire damage.
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