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When it comes to testimony in a jury trial, trust, professionalism and experience all play into the mix. The jury is hearing statements from two sides, each with it own position and goals. Perhaps one of the most trusted witnesses to take the stand in such a proceeding is a licensed physician. To most laypeople, just the credential alone carries a lot of steam, and for most physicians who've studied for several years to reach the level they're at, knowledge is power. The testimony of a physician can potentially change the outcome of the trial. Physicians as expert witnesses are used in a variety of court proceedings, though mostly in jury trials, where it is their job to impart their knowledge onto the jury who will carry out justice in the end.
It is the physician's job to describe to the jury, or other parties, exactly what kind of injuries have been imparted on the purported victim. Though this is not always the case, as the alleged suspect can hire his/her own physician to serve as an expert witness. While testifying the physician uses props such as diagrams and x-rays to show his or her conclusions.
An example where physicians were used as expert witnesses is the manslaughter trial of millionaire rancher Rodney John Sency. Sency, who owned a mountain ranch, was accused of manslaughter after he killed one of his workers with a sledgehammer. His attorney argued self-defense, because the victim had come at him with a knife after Sency fired from his position as ranch hand. But during the trial, which Sency was eventually acquitted of, both sides called to the stand physicians as expert witnesses to detail the injuries of the victim. The physicians each offered theories as to how many times Sency struck the victim and how hard he delivered the blows. The testimony of both physicians clashed somewhat, and in the end it was up to the jury to decide who to believe.
Physicians hired as expert witnesses generally charge steep rates to attorneys who hire them. Some physicians can command hourly rates as high as $3,000, though the general rate is around $500. With such figures, it's not hard to understand why many physicians leave their practices or other positions to work in this field as a freelancer.
When it comes to hiring physicians as experts, there are websites attorneys can start with that list the experts by specialty. Physicians not only specialize in general medical injuries and other related litigation, but also work for insurance companies and other agencies filing claims in civil and federal court. When so much money is on the line for such parties, they will have no problem paying top dollar for the best physician experts.
The most notable cases for these experts are the ones where no hard evidence exists. For instance, an x-ray will show a broken leg, but some injuries, such as nerve injuries, require a more objective reading. These are classic cases where experts offer up their medical opinion.
PENNSYLVANIA STATE COURT DECISIONS
1. CAUSES OF ACTION
1.1. Civil Remedies For Violations of State Constitutional Rights
► Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania
♦ Jones v. City of Philadelphia
No. 795 C.D. 2004 (January 25, 2006)
Holding: A city or other local government is not liable for monetary damages under Article I, Section 8 of the Pennsylvania Constitution for a claim of excessive force. Of note is the en banc Court's finding that the plaintiff failed to show that his rights against governmental use of excessive force were not sufficiently protected by the Fourth Amendment. Judge Smith-Ribner filed a dissenting opinion, in which she was joined by Judge Friedman.
1.2. Motor Vehicles Claims – Uninsured Motorist Actions
► Superior Court of Pennsylvania
♦ Pantelis v. Erie Insurance Exchange
2006 PA Super 1 (January 4, 2006)
Holding: An automobile insurer's acknowledgement of “reasonable proof” that a party is entitled to first party benefits does not preclude the insurer from later disputing whether the insured is “legally entitled to recovery” of third party benefits in an uninsured motorist claim pursuant to 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 1731(b). The Court notes that the payment of medical bills under Section 1716 can be “triggered by something as simple as submission of a bill from a medical provider,” whereas the “legal entitlement to recovery of uninsured motorist benefits … is based on the wrongful conduct of a third party.”
2. CIVIL PROCEDURE
2.1. Pre-Trial Procedure
► Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania
♦ Wheeler v. Red Rose Transit Authority
No. 874 C.D. 2005 (January 27, 2006)
Holding: A petition to reinstate a case dismissed under Pa. R.Civ.P. 230.2, filed more than 30 days after the termination order, will be granted only if there is a “reasonable explanation or a legitimate excuse” for the failure to file (1) the statement of intention and (2) the petition to reinstate within 30 days of its termination.
2.2. Professional Negligence Actions
► Superior Court of Pennsylvania
♦ Varner v. Classic Communities Corp.
2006 PA Super 2 (January 6, 2006)
Holding: A Certificate of Merit is required for professional liability actions, including those against architects. Although a Complaint may attempt to characterize a claim as sounding in ordinary negligence or negligence per se, because the claim is against a licensed professional, the plaintiff must file a Certificate of Merit. When a plaintiff fails to file the requisite Certificate of Merit, a judgment of non pros is warranted under Pa. R.Civ.P. 1042.1-1042.8.
2.3. Trial Practice (Voir Dire)
► Superior Court of Pennsylvania
♦ Capoferri v. Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
2006 PA Super 16 (January 31, 2006)
Holding: A trial court commits reversible error by denying counsel's request to ask prospective jurors certain questions during voir dire about their knowledge of or perspective about the alleged medical malpractice crisis, and the alleged flight of physicians from Philadelphia, in particular. The Court notes that its Opinion does not endorse any of the questions proposed by the plaintiffs and, instead, states that the trial court should have asked prospective jurors appropriate preliminary questions designed to detect whether any of the prospective jurors had been exposed to tort reform and/or medical negligence propaganda.
3. UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION
3.1. Willful Misconduct
► Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania
♦ ATM Corp. of America v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review
No. 1560 C.D. 2005 (January 23, 2006)
Holding: An accounting department employee, who processes checks in and out of an employer's multimillion dollar account and who refuses to authorize a background check, is properly terminated for willful misconduct and is not entitled to unemployment compensation benefits.
4. WORKERS' COMPENSATION (ALL COMMONWEALTH COURT CASES)
4.1. Calculation of Self-Employment Income
♦ Acme Markets, Inc. v. Workers' Compensation Appeal Board (Brown)
No. 1174 C.D. 2005 (January 3, 2006)
Holding: In determining a claimant's earning power, a Workers' Compensation Judge may consider a claimant's net income from self-employment, and is not required to rely solely upon the claimant's gross income. The ultimate determination must be based upon all evidence, including claimant's testimony and other sources.
4.2. Medical Expenses – Replacement of Orthopedic Appliances and Similar Items
♦ Zuback v. Workers' Compensation Appeal Board (Paradise Valley Enterprise Lumber Co.)
No. 1173 C.D. 2005 (January 9, 2006)
Holding: Although the Workers' Compensation Act requires an employer to provide home modifications at the employer's expense, such modifications are limited to a one-time expenditure. The replacement of an orthopedic device, including a stair glide, is not an additional modification, however, and an employer is obligated to pay for such costs, which are the result of “wear and tear.”
4.3. Retirement/Voluntary Withdrawal from the Workforce
♦ Hepler v. Workers' Compensation Appeal Board (Penn Champ/Bissel, Inc.)
No. 1727 C.D. 2005 (January 11, 2006)
Holding: Disability benefits should be suspended when a claimant leaves the workforce. For disability compensation to continue following retirement, a claimant must show that he or she is seeking employment after retirement or that he or she was forced into retirement because of the work-related injury. When a claimant is forced into retirement because of a work-related injury, the claimant must show that he or she was forced out of not only the pre-injury job, but the entire labor market, or that the claimant continues to actively seek employment.
♦ Blong v. Workers' Compensation Appeal Board (Fluid Containment)
No. 1569 C.D. 2005 (January 19, 2006)
Holding: A claimant who moves permanently to New Zealand has removed himself from the workforce, and an employer is entitled to a suspension of benefits.
4.4. Supersedeas Fund Reimbursement
♦ ConocoPhilips v. Workers' Compensation Appeal Board (Logan)
No. 515 C.D. 2005 (January 19, 2006)
Holding: An employer is not entitled to Supersedeas Fund reimbursement for a “deemed denial” of a request for supersedeas. Once a claimant receives an award of a lump sum payment for retroactive compensation or specific loss benefits and that award is later reversed or modified, the claimant is not required to repay that money. Instead, an employer must resort to repayment from the Fund, provided supersedeas was denied prior to disbursement of the funds to the claimant.
FEDERAL COURT DECISIONS OF INTEREST
5. JURISDICTION
5.1. Diversity Jurisdiction – Banks
► U.S. Supreme Court
♦ Wachovia Bank v. Schmidt
No. 04-1186 (January 17, 2006)
Holding: Although “All national banking associations shall … be deemed citizens of the States in which they are respectively located,” pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1348, for purposes of determining citizenship for diversity purposes under 28 U. S. C. 1332, a national bank is a citizen of the state in which its main office is located, as set forth in its articles of association.
6. MOTOR VEHICLE INSURANCE
6.1. Bad Faith Claims
► U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania
♦ Harris v. Lumberman's Mutual Casualty Co.
No. 05-CV-5228 (January 23, 2006)
Holding: Pennsylvania's bad faith statute, 42 Pa. C.S.A. § 8371, conflicts with the Motor Vehicle Financial Responsibility Law as to the remedies available under 75 Pa. C.S.A. §§ 1716 and 1797. Because the MVFRL is the more specific statute, it preempts the bad faith statute. In particular, the special provision, section 1797, preempts the bad faith statute, and a claim for statutory bad faith arising from the denial of first party medical benefits will be dismissed. Because section 1716 and the bad faith statute impose different remedies for different degrees of culpable conduct, i.e., unreasonable conduct under section 1716 and bad faith conduct under section 8371, the statutes are reconcilable. Accordingly, section 1716 does not preempt the bad faith statute and a claim for statutory bad faith arising from a carrier's denial of a claim for lost wages benefits will not be dismissed.
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