Appreciative Inquiry (AI) is a modern change management strategy which used to discover positive aspects in people and organizations; identifying and building on existing strengths to create a powerful, purposeful change. AI is a ?systematic discovery of what gives ?life? to a living system when it is most alive, most effective, and most constructively capable?. It is a humanistic approach which heightens our awareness of our own potential and the potential of others in an organization, allowing us to overcome limits we impose on our capabilities. AI is about identifying the best of ?what is? to pursue dreams and possibilities of ?what could be?.
AI is the belief that we have a choice to see all possibilities, capabilities and assets and have the ability to ignite the ?best of the past and present? to create a future we desire. AI allows access to a transformational energy that provides us with confidence and the belief that we have the capacity to develop and pursue the kind of future we desire. AI is as ?a world where the impossible is non-existent?.
In an AI change process the first step is designing appreciative interview questions for different areas of the organization. For example, in the topic of teamwork questions could be ?Think of the most successful team group you have worked in within this organization. What were the aspects that made it so successful? Explain in a story what happened.? It is essential that the organizational members realize that the process of doing the appreciative interviews is as important as the data collection. ?While the "appreciative" part of AI is important, "the 'inquiry' is the key".
The 4-D model is one of the many applications of AI ? ?a cycle of activities that guide members of an organization, group, or community through four stages?. In the first stage of the 4-D model, the discovery stage, people discuss with one another the times when the organization worked at its best. Core values and best practices are extracted from the stories and used to build on the desired future. The dream stage tends to work best in a large group involving as much as the organization as possible. The data collected from the previous ?discovery? stage is used to create a vision of the future organization as if the peak moments discovered were the norm rather than the exception. In the design stage, a smaller team is then empowered to design ways to create the ideal organization with important elements such as structure, systems and the learning process being discussed. The delivery stage is the final phase used to create a strategy to implement the new changes in the immediate future.
There are a number of both strengths and weaknesses to the modern approach of AI. The main strength is the central idea of AI, which is the idea of focusing solely on positive aspects in an organization, therefore creating a very positive working environment for members of the organization. It examines what gives life to human systems when it is working at its greatest potential. By paying attention to the strengths and positive aspects in an organization, the happiness of members in the organizations is reflected. Members will find themselves much happier in their work, by having their confidence built and feeling more included and important in their working environment, from cutting out criticism completely. ?Instead of negation, criticism, and spiraling diagnosis, there is discovery, dream, and design?. Receiving positive feedback on the aspects that are working well is an enlightening change to what society usually drags us down to. Until we value ourselves and realize our true capabilities and potential, we can help those around us. Using the AI approach encourages people to be innovative and not afraid of trying new things or sharing new ideas in an organization. An AI approach encourages a far more creative environment as the feedback always focuses on positive aspects, allowing people to speak more confidently. AI proves to be a versatile strategy as it has a powerful effect on any human system - individual group, team, division, organization, community, country ? and can provide transformation of systems at all levels, not just one. AI has proved its success in any sized and aged organization, such as, international development organizations, corporations, universities and governments. ?The approach will ?fit? with wherever an organization finds itself in its own evolution?.
Many Investment Gurus, with a straight face and a gleam in their eye, will insist that successful investing is a function of expansive research, skillful market timing, and detailed technical analysis. Others emphasize fundamental information about companies, industries, and markets. But trends and numbers are secondary to a thorough understanding of the basic principles of Investing and Management, and their interrelationships. The ingredients for a successful investment portfolio are these: stubborn belief in the Quality, Diversification, and Income trinity from Investments 101, and operations that employ the Planning, Leading, Organizing, and Controlling skills introduced in Freshman Management. Here are some things to keep in mind while you season your experience with patience and marinate your investment process with discipline:
* A viable Investment Program begins with the private development of an Investment Plan. The first step is the identification of personal goals and objectives and a time frame for goal achievement. The end result should be a near autopilot, long-term and increasing, retirement income. Asset Allocation is used to structure the portfolio so that it operates in a goal directed manner. The finished Plan must be flexible in design, based upon reasonable expectations, simple in structure and operation, and easy to supervise.
* Use a "cost based" Asset Allocation Model. Although most of the Investment World operates on a Market Value basis for everything from performance analysis to Asset Allocation and Diversification decision modeling, you will improve your long-term results and stay within your allocation and diversification guidelines better by using a system based upon Working Capital. This widely unknown Asset Allocation "model" takes the hype out of daily stock market reporting and keeps the income investor's focus on appropriate statistics.
* Control your emotions, among other things. Clearly, fear and greed are the two that require the most control in the investment environment... particularly in these days of a reckless media, Internet empowered scam merchants, high-speed information gathering/processing, and cheap personalized trading capabilities. Love and hate need to be dealt with as well, but there are fewer out-of-body influences on these. Only strictly disciplined decision makers need apply for your Investment Management position... and you may not be the ideal candidate. Investment Management is a continual responsibility, not a weekend and occasional evenings avocation.
* Avoid hindsightful analysis, and uninformed (or salesperson) criticism. It is painfully comical how hindsight has taken over in our society... in sports, finance, politics, and the professions, everywhere... everyone you hear is second-guessing and finger pointing. No one is willing to take responsibility for their own actions and everyone is willing to sue whoever coulda', woulda' or shoulda' prevented whatever happened. Investors cannot afford to be Little League crybabies. Make one of the three basic decisions (which are?) and don't look back. No person or program can predict the future, and your portfolio requires management today. The playing field for the investment game is uncertainty.
* Establish a profit-taking target for every security you purchase. The purpose of investing is to make more money than you could in a guaranteed, non-negotiable instrument. This larger money making expectation comes with an assumption of some form of risk... there are several, and its "in there" in all investments. In Equities, set a reasonable profit target and take less if you can get it quickly. With income investments, never say no to a profit equal to a year's income, or 10% if you like round numbers. There are always new investment opportunities, and there is no such thing as a bad profit... or a good loss.
* Examine Market Value numbers at intelligent intervals. Frequent examination is stressful and non-productive. There are no averages or indices that compare with a properly diversified Investment Portfolio, particularly if your Equity selections are screened for Quality and Income. Investing is a long-term endeavor, and neither Shock(sic) Market symbols nor current yields operate on a calendar year schedule. Look at market peaks and troughs over significant time periods that include "cycles"... and do separate your analysis by class.
* Avoid what the crowd is doing and shun investment products. Consumers buy products; Investors buy securities. The crowd is driven by the very emotions that you must learn to control. Stay focused on your plan; analyze your annual income and trading statistics. Buy and hold creates more real tax problems than real millionaires, and gimmicks and fads last just slightly longer than spring fashions. Always buy good stuff on bad news and sell into good news announcements.
* Don't try to save the world with your investment decisions. Never limit your investment opportunities artificially. Votes work better when it comes to changing your world, and corporations should not be the targets of your political hates... get rid of incumbents, state and local, until there are changes in the tax code, social security, tort law, environmental issues, etc. In the meantime, invest with your head, not your heart. The business of a capitalist society is...
* Keep in mind that you need Income to pay the bills, and that your cost of living in retirement will be higher than you think. If you insist on some income from every Equity security you ever own, and beat-the-bank income from income securities, you will obtain two important things: An annually increasing cash flow that will rise at a rate greater than most normal inflation rates, and a higher quality investment portfolio for better long-term investment performance. (If you use a cost based Asset Allocation model with at least 30% invested in income securities and no open end Mutual Funds or Index ETFs.) Never settle for tiny short-term yields or get hooked on those that are unsustainably high.
* Investing is not a competitive event, ever. You don't need to beat the market. You need to accomplish a set of personalized goals. Not even your twin's portfolio should be the same as yours. The faster you run, the less likely it is that you will succeed over time. Big risks, foolproof gimmicks, and exotic computer programs occasion more failures than success stories. Remember the Investment gods? They created Stocks and Bonds... only Stocks and Bonds!
* Avoid Unrealized Gains, Embrace Volatility, Increase Annual Income, and remember that all key investment moments are only visible in rear view mirrors. Most unrealized gains become Schedule D realized losses. As of today there has never been a correction (rally) that has not succumbed to the next rally (correction). Only an increasing income level can beat back inflation... a bigger market value number just doesn't do it.
Both Robert Ii Smith & Steve Selengut are contributors for EditorialToday. The above articles have been edited for relevancy and timeliness. All write-ups, reviews, tips and guides published by EditorialToday.com and its partners or affiliates are for informational purposes only. They should not be used for any legal or any other type of advice. We do not endorse any author, contributor, writer or article posted by our team.
Robert Ii Smith has sinced written about articles on various topics from Insurance, Financial Planning and Medicine. Robert II Smith has spent more than 19 years working as a professor at New York University. Now he spends most of his time with his family and shares his experience about. Robert Ii Smith's top article generates over 60500 views. to your Favourites.