Well, maybe you shouldn't worry so much about the supply of petroleum products. There's an oil boom going on right now. Not in Saudi Arabia or Kuwait or any of those places, but 600 miles north of Montana.
In a city called Fort McMurray where, in the dead of winter, the temperature sometimes zooms up to zero and just as often dips down to a minus 50 degrees F, you'll find the oil sands. The oilmen up there aren't digging holes in the sand and hoping for a spout. They're digging up dirt - dirt that is saturated with oil. They're called oil sands and if you've never heard of them then you're in for a big surprise because the reserves are so vast in the province of Alberta that they will help solve America's energy needs for the next century.
Within a few years, the oil sands are likely to become more important to the United States than all the oil that comes from Saudi Arabia. Twenty-four hours a day, 365 days a year, vehicles that look like prehistoric beasts move across a sub-arctic wasteland, extracting the oil sands. There is so much to scoop, so muc oil to produce, so much money to be made.
There are 175 billion barrels of proven oil reserves here. That's second to Saudi Arabia's 260 billion but it's only what companies can get with today's technology. The estimate of how many more barrels of oil are buried deeper underground is staggering. The total estimates could be two trillion or even higher. That's eight times the amount of reserves in Saudi Arabia. The oil sands are buried under forests in Alberta in the northeastern corner of the province, in an area that is roughly the size of Florida. The oil here doesn't come gushing out of the sand the way it does in the Middle East. The oil is in the sand. It has to be dug up and processed.
The oil sands have been in the ground for millions of years, but for decades, prospectors lost millions of dollars trying to squeeze the oil out of the sand. It simply cost too much. T. Boone Pickens, a legendary Texas oil tycoon, was working Alberta's traditional oil rigs back in the '60s and remembers how he and his colleagues thought mining for oil sands was a joke.
"Here we are sitting there having a drink after work and somebody said this isn't going to work, it isn't possible. It'll all have to be subsidized before they'll make money. You'd have to have $5 oil", Pickens says laughing. "We never thought it would happen".
But then $40 a barrel happened and now $60 a barrel has happened and the oil sands not only make sense, they making billions for the people digging them. But it wasn't just the price of oil that changed the landscape, it was the toys. That's what they call the giant trucks and shovels that roam the mines.
Everything about the oil industry has always been big. It's characterized by bigness, from the pumps to the personalities. But here in northeastern Alberta, it's frankly ridiculous. The mines operate fleets of the world's biggest truck. It's three stories high and costs $5 million. It carries a load of 400 tons of oil sands, which means, at today's oil prices, each load is worth $10,000 dollars.
What it's like to drive one of these monsters? One driver described it this way.
"You have 14 steps going up to the cab and at my house you have 14 steps to the bedroom. So it's like going upstairs in my house, sitting on my bed and driving the house downtown", he said.
The monster trucks haul the oil sands to a plant. They're heated in a cell, which separates the oil from the sand. The result looks like molten chocolate. This flow is then sent to an upgrader and eventually to a refinery. The oil is as good as that pumped in Saudi Arabia, in fact, it even trades at a premium because it's such high quality crude oil.
The capital of the oil sands frenzy is a frontier town, now a city, called Fort McMurray, which as one wag said, "It isn't in the middle of nowhere. It's north of nowhere". But it's a boomtown just the same. "I think it's bigger than a gold rush. We're expecting $100 billion over the next 10 years to be invested in this area - $100 billion in a population that, currently, is 70,000 people", says Brian Jean, who represents the region in Canada's parliament.
Most of the oil in the sands on those lumbering trucks are on their way to the gas tanks of America. A million barrels a day are now coming out of the oil sands and oil production is expected to triple within a decade. It won't replace Middle Eastern oil but at that point it will be the single largest source of foreign oil for the United States, even bigger than Saudi Arabia, which sends a million and a half barrels a day to America.
The oil companies want to step up production quickly. What's holding them back is labor - the shortage of it. It's estimated that another 100,000 people are needed in Fort McMurray. That's why one oil company has built a runway to fly workers daily from civilization to Fort McMurray. But why would anyone want to come work in a place where temperatures plummet to 40 below and the sun sets shortly after it rises in the long winter? Well, perhaps because the oil companies pay some of the highest salaries in North America.
But even if workers come flocking, the oil companies still have other problems. Creating energy from oil sands requires so much energy that the oil companies wind up spiking greenhouse gas emissions. Other less energy intensive methods of extraction are continually being invented and developed to lessen the environmental impact.
A hundred miles south from Fort McMurray, you can still see oil being produced the traditional way. It's picturesque now. The wells are still pumping but they belong to the past, like the iron horse that once rode across these prairies.
The future? Up here in Northern Alberta they're convinced it's in the dirt, the oil sands to be exact.
At a time, when world oil output is lagging behind the global demand for oil and security concerns hinder efforts to increase crude oil production, the Canadian oil sands offer a silver lining in the cloud and may attract major oil and gas exploration companies interested in making money by separating the oil sands from the earth.
Rising international crude prices are reported to have made the work on the oil sands viable. It reportedly costs $12�"15 a barrel to produce crude oil out of the oil sands.
Since the current international prices for crude oil stand around $60 a barrel and there seems to be hardly any likelihood of the price falling below $40 – 50 a barrel in the foreseeable future, the oil giants may have no hesitation in investing their money into the numerous oil sands projects.
The proven recoverable oil reserves at the Alberta oil sands are estimated at as much as 178.8 billion barrels, compared to 261.5 billion barrels of Saudi Arabia, 125.8 billion barrels of Iran, 115 billion barrels of Iraq, 101.5 billion barrels of Kuwait, 97.8 billion barrels of United Arab Emirates, 77.2 billion barrels of Venezuela and 60 billion barrels of Russia. Thus, oil reserves of Alberta are estimated as second largest in the world and they come next only to Saudi Arabia.
The oil sands are contained in three major areas beneath 140,800 square kilometres of north-eastern Alberta - an area larger than the state of Florida, an area twice the size of New Brunswick, more than four and half times the size of Vancouver Island, and 26 times larger than Prince Edward Island. However, only about two per cent of the initial established resource has been produced to date.
How do the energy companies extract oil from the oil sands reserves? In the first instance, oil-soaked earth is mined, crushed and then mixed with water. This mixture is sent to a separating machine, where the oil called bitumen settles out. The bitumen is heated in a furnace. Then, the vapours are collected, cooled and condensed, resulting in the formation of oil. After some more processing, oil can be sent to a refinery.
However, much of Alberta’s oil sands reserves lie too deep for strip mining. These deposits require the injection of steam deep under the ground to soak the bitumen. After several weeks of soaking, the oil-water mixture is pumped to the surface, where it is processed like bitumen collected through strip mining.
While the Alberta oil sands promise a potential oil source for future, environmental concerns threaten to become a constraint at some stage in future. However, the federal and the provincial governments are confident that environmental regulations would not block the operation and further expansion of the project, despite Canada’s pledge to cut emissions under the Kyoto Protocol global warming agreement. The prize emanating from the project is so tempting – for the oil companies as well as for a government eager to earn tax revenue – that it may not be possible for any one to stop the project.
Another concern is about the supply of labour. Workers may be reluctant to move to the oil sands capital of the project due to prohibitive rent and lack of facilities. If the oil companies plan to produce three million barrels a day of crude oil within the next 10 years, they will have to hire 40,000 workers. At the moment, wages are reported to be increasing at an average rate of eight per cent a year for the 12,000 workers working on the oil sands project in northern Alberta. Even now the oil companies are reportedly hard-pressed to find welders, plumbers, project managers and other skilled workers.
There is no doubt that both the United States and Canada will benefit from the project. The US will be able to meet part of its requirement of imported oil from its next-door neighbour, while Canada will get a reliable customer at hand, willing to buy increasing quantities of oil from it for an indefinite period.
The US oil security will also be greatly boosted since the oil reserves are estimated to be the second largest in the world and oil production is, also, expected to go on increasing with the passage of time.
The addition of 178 million barrels to the proven recoverable world oil reserves, together with an increase of one to two million barrels in the daily oil production within the next few years will be a significant development and it should definitely have a favourable impact on the global oil market.
For the investment community the oil sands represent a very lucrative opportunity. Websites like www.findst offer insights into various Alberta Oil Sands Stocks. Conduct your research diligently and you should be able to find “liquid gold".
Both Michael Russell & Carmen Jackson are contributors for EditorialToday. The above articles have been edited for relevancy and timeliness. All write-ups, reviews, tips and guides published by EditorialToday.com and its partners or affiliates are for informational purposes only. They should not be used for any legal or any other type of advice. We do not endorse any author, contributor, writer or article posted by our team.
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