Most people who do not have horticultural qualifications would not be aware that there are indeed many hundreds of variations of the ficus species. One of the more commonly seen indoor plants these days is the "Ficus benjamina". This is the variety that most people think about when they think "ficus". It is an ornamental tree and is also known by its common name of "weeping fig tree". It is a popular choice as a bonsai specimen.
Tree "Moods" The ficus tree is temperamental and can be "moody" depending upon its care regime. This change of mood can occur when it is given too little water, too much water, exposure to too much light, exposure to too little light or moving it a few inches away from a "preferred" spot. It will drop leaves when the smallest change is made to its environment. As such, the placement of the tree should be made very carefully - you won't want to move it except in extreme situations - there is too much at stake!
It's All About The Water! Many ficus owners fall into the trap of over watering their plant; this will cause the leaves to change color. It is wise to check the moisture level of the soil around your ficus by sticking your finger into the soil. If there is evidence of moisture even a few inches below the surface, don't give it any more! If, however, all you feel is dry soil, then it should be given a good soak. Avoid giving the plant extra water if the leaves have started to turn yellow; this indicates that the plant has already had enough water!
Most ficus thrive in humid conditoins. Your home is not necessarily going to be humid enough for the ficus, so you will have to "mist' the plant a number of times during the day to imitate the natural conditions of the plant. You could also give the plant humidity by using a humidity tray. This is simply a saucer from a pot that is filled with gravel or pebbles and which will collect any extra water; the extra water evaporates, creating the humid conditions needed by the ficus.
Steady Lights, Temps and Fertilizer The ficus needs a bright source of light that has been filtered; it needs to avoid full sun exposure during the daylight hours. You should also avoid placing the ficus plant where it will be exposed to heating and air conditoning vents as this will prevent the plant from obtaining a constant temperature in its environment.
The application of fertilizer each month during the growing season is vital to the health of the plant. Don't fertilize the plant during winter; as an alternative, use a slow release fertilizer during the growing season.
Final Hints To successfully raise a ficus tree, you need to have the patience of a saint and be serious about your gardening. This is especially true when you are keeping track of the watering regime during winter. If you are not confident enough to rely upon the "finger soil moisture" test, invest in a meter that will indicate the moisture level in the soil.
Remember that there are many things that the temperamental ficus can be affected by that will result in leaf dropping. Keep a close eye on water levels and light levels and don't forget to check drafts and humidity. The ficus is a fickle plant, so expect a "love-hate" relationship if you decide to have one!