If you own a boat it is your responsibility to make sure certain safety equipment is on board and that you know how to use it. Communication equipment is most important when you are caught up in an emergency. If you are going boating with a group, make sure at least one other person knows how to use emergency and communication equipment.
Using Radios or Cell Phones
The first thing you should do when you feel that your boat is in danger is to call for help using a VHF radio or Cell phone.
A VHF marine radio is specifically intended for communication with other ships or marine installations. This can be a powerful tool in times of emergency. This should be at the top of your list of things to have on board your ship.
A cell phone is also a valuable tool in an emergency. It will put you through to a land operator but you will not be able to communicate directly with rescue teams such as lifeboats and helicopters as you would with a VHF radio.
Once you have made contact with someone, tell them as clearly as possible the name of your vessel, your position, how many people are on board and what assistance you require.
Using Flares
Flares should be used in an emergency whether or not you have contacted someone by phone or by VHF radio. This is because a visual signal will help rescue teams locate you more quickly. You should be familiar with the instructions before having to use the flares. Don't wait until there is an emergency to read the instructions. Time may be crucial in a boating emergency.
Hand Held or Pin Point Flares - Hold the flare at arm's length. Do not look at it once it is lit. This flare can be seen 5 miles away during the day and 7 miles away at night.
Parachute Rockets - The flare rises 300m and falls slowly in a parachute. This type of flare can be seen from approximately 25 miles.
Orange Smoke - Always ignite the smoke down wind. The smoke can be seen from about 3 miles in daylight.
Avoid firing flare guns toward other vessels or land structures where the falling flare might cause a fire. You should also be aware that flare guns and such devices are similar to firearms in many respects and should always be handled with extreme caution. Some states have already prohibited the use of certain types of flares.