Specific acquisition disabilities crapper occur at any of the four stages of learning. The four stages are identified as:

* Input (information enters the brain)
* Integration (information is processed and interpreted)
* Memory (information is stored and crapper be recalled when desired)
* Output (information is conveyed through language or motor output)

Perceptual disabilities occur at the stage of Input. It is essential to see that perceptual disabilities hit null to do with seeable or auditory acuity: a person with perceptual disabilities haw hit perfect sight and hearing. It is how they perceive what they see and hear that causes the problem. This haw be hard to see for people who are used to the word perceive message the aforementioned as ?see and hear,? but it is needed to characterize the meanings in order to see the problem.

Perceptual disabilities are important by the sensory Atlantic affected.

* Visual perceptual disabilities hit to do with site, and haw involve organization, position, distance, and hand-eye coordination, as well as things like centering on what's significant among the a assemble of seeable stimuli and reading ethnic cues, much as facial expressions.
* Auditory perceptual disabilities hit to do with characteristic differences between sounds, keeping focused on the direct auditory input, or being unable to keep up with the pace of auditory input.
* Tactile perceptual disabilities hit to do with the sensation of touch, and the sense of contact haw be dulled or unco sensitive.
* Smell and taste perceptual disabilities hit to do with sensitivity to these senses and knowledge to attain distinctions.
* Proprioceptive perceptual disabilities hit to do with the kinesthetic sense and body awareness; problems in this Atlantic haw cause a child to be clumsy.
* Vestibular perceptual disabilities hit to do with the inner ear and the body's balance and equilibrium system.

Perceptual disorders haw result from a variety of causes. Some researchers hit identified a modify known as Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) or sometimes Sensory Integrative Disorder (SID) that haw be among the conditions that result in perceptual disorders. Note that the first name given is preferred by some because the second has been confused with the abbreviations SIDS for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. SPD has two manifestations: sensory modulation and sensory discrimination. These researchers enter the demesne of sensory discrimination of SPD with perceptual disabilities. Research in this Atlantic is ongoing.

Perceptual Disabilities and Education

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) defines perceptual disabilities as a specific acquisition disability. The accumulation says (34 Code of Federal Regulations ?300.7(c)(10)):

?A Specific Learning Disability is a modify in digit or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, uttered or written, that haw manifest itself in an flawed knowledge to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations, including conditions much as perceptual disabilities, mentality injury, minimal mentality dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia.?

Not included in the message of the constituent are ?learning problems that are primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor disabilities, of mental retardation, of emotional disturbance, or of environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantage.? Because of this designation, children with perceptual disabilities are suitable for special education services.