Following his victory over the Pharnaces in 47 BC, the legend is that Julius Caesar addressed the Roman Senate and announced, "Veni, vidi, vici" - "I came, I saw, I conquered." A couple of millennia later, Toyota Racing Development (TRD) USA could easily make the same boast in every racing venue it has entered.
TRD first started in 1979 as a Toyota Motor Sales USA subsidiary in Costa Mesa, California. It was in charge of after market performance parts design and distribution for TRD Japan. It developed over the next 30 years to become a complete engine development through assembly operation. Their cutting-edge racing technology was in every high speed arena in every genre, stacking up wins and cementing the company's reputation. It was at first a slow climb to the top, but TRD's growth gained momentum in the early 2000s, and TRD engineers now design and build the V-8 Tundra and V-8 Camry engine for their respective Nascar series. In addition, they also do engines for factory-backed vehicles in Championship Off-Road Racing (CORR), National Hot Rod Association (NHRA), the U.S. Auto Club Sprint Car and National Midget Car Racing Series, and the grand American Rolex Sports Car Series.
By 1983, TRD joined forces with All American Racers (AAR), rolling out a Celica in the International Motor Sports Association (IMSA) road racing competition. Within six years, TRD-powered cars moved up to the GTP Class, the elite level of American road racing. Also in '83, Precision Preparation, Inc. partnered with TRD to build trucks for both real-world off-road and stadium competitions. Toyota trucks developed a taste for the dirt, taking multiple wins in the premier Baja 500 and 1000 events, as well as manufacturer's championship in the Mickey Thompson Entertainment Group SCORE and CORR series.
The climb up the Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART) ladder began in 1996 for TRD, and it won its first Indy-car competition in June 2000 at the Milwaukee Mile, with Juan Montoya driving. Gil DeFerran won the mother of all American races, the Indianapolis 500, in 2003 while driving a TRD-powered Indy car.
The next step was entry in NASCAR with the V-6 Celica Goody's Dash Program. In 2007, the V-8 Camry debuted at the NASCAR Nextel Cup and Busch Series, and Jason Leffler ended the Busch Series at O'Reilly Raceway Park third in points, netting TRD its first NASCAR win. David Reutimann earned a second place point finish in the series by winning the Sam's Town 250 in Memphis, and Dave Blaney got the Nextel Cup season record through his third place finish at Talladega.
TRD has experienced success at NASCAR that extends beyond its stock cars. Debuting at the Craftsman Truck Series in 2004, TRD took the manufacturer's championship for 2006 and 2007 consecutively, and Todd Bodine was awarded the driver's championship in 2006.
Alongside such high profile venues as these, TRD USA has also had victories in the NHRA's Funny Car series with Jerry Toliver at the Pomona Winternationals; dominated at the 2003 Indy car series, winning 11 out of 16 races; won four Daytona Prototype Driver's Championships since the Grand American Rolex Sports Car Series first started in 2004; won at the USAC Sprint Car and Midget Car Racing Series; and swept the 67th Annual Turkey Night Grand Prix at Irwindale Speeday. Dave Darland won the Midget event, and Bobby Santos took the Sprint Car.
Officially, TRD means Toyota Racing Development. But it stands for "Top Results and Design.
A Short History Of Christianity
It is not conclusive when precisely did pizza emerge at its position as one of the tremendously popular dishes in the United States, but nearly everybody will unquestionably concur that pizza has become America's preferred grub over the past 40 years. Millions of pizza pies are eaten everyday, but how often do the people eating the food stop to consider the history? The actual origins of this fine cuisine are as colorful as any excellent pizza piled with toppings.
When you go out into the streets, try asking people where they imagine pizza came from, chances are you will get answers pointing to the common belief that Italians created the pizza. Even so, pizza's roots go back to the antediluvian times. Despite the fact that we have yet to uncover archeological evidence of a Dominos Pizza before the last century, it is known that the Babylonians, Israelites, Egyptians and other ancient Middle Eastern cultures were consuming flat, unleavened bread that had been prepared in mud ovens.
The bread was much like a pita, which is still common in Greece and the Middle East today. Furthermore, it is known that ancient Mediterranean people such as the Greeks, Romans and Egyptians were eating the bread, topped seasoned with olive oil and native spices.
The lesser class populace of Naples, Italy is considered to have created pizza in a more recognized formula. In the late 1800s, an Italian baker by the name of Raffaele Esposito, was believed to have created a dish for visiting royalty. According to the story, the Italian monarch King Umberto and his consort, Queen Margherita were touring the area. In order to impress them and to demonstrate his patriotic fervor, Raffaele opted to include some toppings to his flat bread with food that would best symbolize the colors of Italy: red tomato, white mozzarella cheese and green basil. The monarch and queen were so fascinated by the creativity of the dish and its maker that news rapidly reached the people. The end results were that the dish was well received to the extent that others began to copy it.
By the onset of the 1900s pizza made its way to the inner urban centres of the United States, thanks to Italian immigrants. The people of New York and Chicago were among the foremost diners to taste and enjoy their first slices of pizza, due to those cities having voluminous Italian populations. Small cafes began offering the Italian favorite . American soldiers also influenced the reputation of the dish by the end of World War II, having been exposed to it while serving on the Italian front.
Nowadays, pizza has develop into something wholly American as baseball and apple pie. Only because of its most current bloodlines is it regarded an Italian dish. Huge U. S. based multi-billion dollar companies which depend on the pizza for their earnings should be grateful for the evolution of this delicious dish, along with countless poor college students who can appreciate the fine dining experience pizza has given them.
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Jason Lancaster.. has sinced written about articles on various topics from . Author Jason Lancaster is the editor of TundraHeadquarters.com, a web site with information, news, and reviews of
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