When I discuss man to man defense with many coaches I am often surprised at differing philosophies on how to defend the basketball. Among the differing philosophies: The defender should play with the palms facing up in order to 'flick' at the basketball without losing balance; the defender should have both hands up to obstruct the ballhandler's vision of the passing lanes, the defender should turn the ballhandler as many times as possible, the defender should force the ballhandler to the sideline or baseline, the defender should force the ballhandler into the help defense on the baseline. All of these approaches have validity; however, many coaches do not have a full understanding of which on-ball defensive tactics they want to apply in different situations. As a result, they end up contradicting themselves as they teach all of the approaches listed above indiscriminately.



I've outlined my basic approach to on-ball defense depending on the situation:

? When defending the live dribble or a man in triple threat position, the defender should be an arms length away from the ballhandler. If the defender has a quickness advantage, he may be able to decrease this gap slightly. A defender with a quickness disadvantage may want to increase this gap slightly.

? If the ballhandler comes out of triple threat position (i.e. by bringing the ball above the head to look for a pass) the defender should immediately belly-up on the ballhandler and mirror the ball with both hands. Regardless of the opponent's quickness, it is impossible for the defender to get beat off the dribble when the ballhandler is not is a position to dribble the ball. If the ballhandler brings the ball back into triple threat position, the defender immediately drops back into defensive stance, re-establishing the cushion of one arms-length.

? Any time the ballhandler picks up the dribble, the defender should immediately belly up and mirror the ball with both hands. The defender should yell, "Dead, Dead, Dead!!" This alerts all teammates to immediately deny their man as aggressively. Since the ballhandler cannot dribble the ball, off-ball defenders do not have to worry about helping on penetration. "Dead, Dead, Dead!" cues all defenders to taker away the only option available to the ballhandler - the pass.

? When defending the ball in the backcourt, the defender plays with palms up looking to deflect the ball by flicking the wrists - the defender should not reach for the steal, as this can cause the defender to lose balance, opening up the possibility of getting beat off the dribble by the defender. Flicking the wrists allows the defender to pressure the ball without the head leaving the defender's midpoint. As long as the defender's head is squarely between the feet on a vertical plane, the defender very likely has the proper balance. Reaching often brings the defender's head away from the midpoint, disrupting balance.

? When defending in the backcourt, the defender attempts to turn the opponent as many times as possible in a zigzag pattern.

? When defending the ball in the frontcourt, the defender mirrors the ball with the front hand. The back hand is up in order to obstruct the ballhandler's vision of the passing lanes.

? When defending the ball in the frontcourt, the defender influences the ballhandler toward the sideline and away from the middle of the floor. The defender's back foot should cut the defender in half (i.e. the back foot should be directly between the ballhandler and the basket). The front foot is slightly to the ballhandler's right or left, influencing the ballhandler in the opposite direction

? The primary objective of the on-ball defender is always to contain the ball. Though we may be influencing the ball in a certain direction, this never means that we want to get beat in that direction. If a player gets beat we are always ready with help defense. By influencing the ball in a certain direction, we increase the odds that if a player does get beat, he will get beat in a direction where we are able to provide the best help defense possible. However, anytime a defense is forced to rotate and help, box-out responsibilities become confused, increasing the opponent's chances at grabbing an offensive rebound.