A birth defect is a problem that happens while a baby is developing in the mother's body. Birth defects are defined as abnormalities of structure, work or body metabolism that are present at birth. These abnormalities lead to mental or physical disabilities or are fatal. Birth defects affect about one in every 33 babies born in the United States each year. About 150,000 babies are born with birth defects each year in the United States.They are the leading cause of infant deaths, accounting for more than 20% of all infant deaths. Babies born with birth defects have a greater chance of illness and long term disability than babies without birth defects. Birth defects can be caused by genetic, environmental, or unknown factors. Other causes of birth defects include alcohol abuse by the mother and Rh disease



Which can occur when the mother's and baby's Rh factors are different. Although a few medications can cause problems, of the 200 most commonly prescribed drugs, none is associated with a significant risk of birth defects. Environmental causes of birth defects have more to do with the mother's health and exposure to chemicals or diseases. When a mother has certain infections, such as rubella, during pregnancy, it can cause birth defects. Multifactorial birth defects are caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors and include neural tube defects and cleft lip and palate. Genetics play a role in some birth defects. Every cell in the body has chromosomes containing genes that determine a person's unique characteristics.

Treatment of congenital anomalies is specific for each individual. Individuals with severe or numerous abnormalities usually require multidisciplinary treatment. Babies with birth defects may need surgery or other medical treatments. Prenatal surgery has saved babies with urinary tract blockages and rare tumors of the lung. Other prevention is not smoking, and avoiding secondhand smoke , Avoiding alcohol ,Eating a healthy diet and taking prenatal vitamins (make sure you're getting enough folic acid) , Avoiding all illicit drugs , getting exercise and plenty of rest and getting early and regular prenatal care. Couples who have had a baby with a birth defect, or who have a family history of birth defects, should consider consulting a genetic counselor. Rroutine obstetrical care also helpful.

Not smoking, and avoiding secondhand smoke.

1. Avoiding alcohol.

2. Avoiding all illicit drugs.

3. Eating a healthy diet and taking prenatal vitamins.

4. Getting exercise and plenty of rest.

5. Getting early and regular prenatal care.