In yesterday's Network+ tutorial, we talked about the importance of Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) in today's networks. A host PC must have the MAC and IP addresses of a remote host in order to send data to that remote host, and it's ARP that allows the local host to request the remost host to send the local host its MAC address through an ARP Request.
The ARP Request is a layer two broadcast, and like all L2 broadcasts it has a destination MAC address of ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff. Switches forward broadcasts, but routers do not, which brings up a basic problem. If there's a router between two hosts, how can one possibly send an ARP Request to the remote host, since routers do not forward broadcasts?
That's where Proxy ARP comes in. For this example, let's assume that HostA is on a network segment connected to RouterA's ethernet0 interface, and HostB is on a network segment connected to RouterA's ethernet1 interface. HostA wants to send data to HostB, but doesn't have HostB's MAC address. An ARP Request from HostA will stop at the router - but with Proxy ARP, the router will actually answer the ARP Request with the MAC address of the router interface that received the ARP Request!
In this case, RouterA will respond to the ARP Request with the MAC address of it's own ethernet0 interface. This is transparent to HostA - when HostA sends data to HostB, the destination IP address will be that of HostB, but the destination MAC address will be that of RouterA's ethernet0 interface.
Since we've now discussed ARP and Proxy ARP, I do want to mention RARP - Reverse Address Resolution Protocol. RARP allows a host device to send a request for its own IP address, and this response will be answered by a RARP server. You don't see RARP that often anymore, since DHCP does the same thing and much more, but you should know what RARP does. And if you're not sure what DHCP does - don't miss my next Network+ exam tutorial!
Certification Exam Pharmacy Technician
Fortunately, you can adopt these four steps towards the PMP certification exam. Of course, these can also be applied to any and all certification exams that you might take in the future.
Do Your Exam Research
You have to investigate the subject matters covered by the certification program administered by the Project Management Institute (PMI) for project managers. You must also do your research about the depth and level with which you must study the subject matter, which will determine the areas you will need to pour more attention to.
Doing your research also makes it possible to identify strengths and weaknesses in your current knowledge. This way, you can improve on the weaknesses and refresh on the strengths, which ought to maximize your chances at passing the PMI-administered certification exam.
PMI only recommends one bible in its exams. This is called ?A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide)?, which is recognized by the American National Standards Institute. Just refer to the PMBOK and you are in good hands.
Study and Study Some More
You will need at least 35 hours of PMI-sanctioned project management education before you can take the PMP certification exam. In this training-cum-review course, you will be able to study all that you need to know to pass the exam. Just remember to look for a reputable company that offers this training course!
With 200 multiple choice questions to be accomplished in just four hours, the PMI exam is definitely not child's play. There are more than 40 formulas to be memorized and understood and many more acronyms and their meanings to be read and digested! Thus, diligent study is imperative for passing the PMP certification exam.
Assess Your Readiness
The hallmark of an excellent project management preparation course is the presence of practice exams. There must be at least two of these in order to hone your skills in answering the time-pressured exam.
You must aim for the passing grade and then add 10% to account for the nerves and excitement when taking the real exam. (Better safe than sorry) When testing your readiness, always make sure that you are closely mimicking the environment of the testing center including the time limits.
Prepare Yourself
Before the day of the actual PMP certification exam, there are things you must perform to prepare yourself. First, scout out the testing center. This way, you can familiarize yourself with the route and the room itself. You cannot afford to be late!
Second, get a good night's sleep. There is nothing worse than answering questions on sleep-deprived body and mind. Third, eat your breakfast. Not only is it the most important meal of the day but a low sugar level will adversely affect your concentration. And do your ablutions! You need to feel fresh and you cannot waste time on bathroom breaks once too often.
Fourth, don't bring anything you don't need into the testing center. You will only be distracted, which is definitely not good for you.
And now, you are ready to take the PMP certification exam and pass with flying colors!
Both Chris Bryant & Jessica Parklanes are contributors for EditorialToday. The above articles have been edited for relevancy and timeliness. All write-ups, reviews, tips and guides published by EditorialToday.com and its partners or affiliates are for informational purposes only. They should not be used for any legal or any other type of advice. We do not endorse any author, contributor, writer or article posted by our team.
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