Pet Guide

eg: UK or Brides UK or Classical Art or Buy Music or Spirituality
 
eg: UK or Brides UK or Classical Art or Buy Music or Spirituality
 
Business & Money
Technology
Women
Health
Education
Family
Travel
Cars
Entertainment
SD Editorials
Online Guide and article directory site.
Foodeditorials.com
Over 15,000 recipes & editorials on food.
Lyricadvisor.com
Get 100,000 Lyric & Albums.
  • Business & Money
    • A Guide to Business
    • Guide to Finance
    • Ideas for Marketing
    • Legal Guide
    • Guide to Insurance
    • Lettre De Motivation
    • Guide to the Stock Market
    • Human Resource Career
    • Sales Marketing
    • Forex & Trading
    • Advertising & Marketing
    • Startup Guide
  • Technology
    • Guide to Technology
    • Cell Phones
    • Computer Software
    • IT Hardwares
    • Internet
    • Online Security
    • Cameras
    • Search Engine Optimization
    • Science & Technology
  • Women
    • Guide to Women
    • Relationship Advice
    • Marriage
    • Jewelry
    • Pregnancy
    • Fashion Style
    • Divorce Guide
    • Wedding Guide
    • Dating Guide
    • Natural Beauty
  • Health
    • Guide to Health
    • Guide to Medical
    • Plastic Surgery
    • Weight Loss
    • Sports
    • Body Wellness
    • Cancer Treatment
    • Common Illness
    • Health & Lifestyle
  • Education
    • Military Service
    • Politics and Policy
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Education and Teaching
    • Learn Languages
    • Colleges & Universities
  • Family
    • Quality Home Improvement
    • Hobbies and Interests
    • Family Guide to
    • Pet Guide
    • Loans Guide
    • Credit Cards
    • Gardening Guide
    • Home Security
    • Real Estate
    • Home Decor
    • Gift & Present
  • Travel
    • The Travel Guide
    • Adventure Travel
    • Cruise Ships
    • Beach Holiday
    • Travel Accommodation
    • Holiday Destinations
  • Cars
    • Information on Cars
    • Traffic Violations
    • Auto Insurance
    • Trailers
    • Sport Cars
    • The Bikes
  • Entertainment
    • Entertainment Guide
    • World Music
    • Photo & Video
    • Television & Games

Chronic Gastric Diseases

    View: 
Approach to Vomiting



-Primary GI

?Gastric

?Small intestinal

?Colonic

-Secondary GI

?Systemic illness that affects GI function

Secondary GI Causes of Vomiting

SYSTEM

-Kidneys

-Liver

-Exocrine pancreas

-Endocrine pancreas

-Adrenals

-Peritoneum

-CNS

-Thyroid

-Uterus

-Systemic infection

Disease:

-Renal failure

-Hepatic disease

-Pancreatitis

-DKA

-Addison's

-Peritonitis

-Cerebral or vestibular disease

-Hyperthyroidism

-Pyometra

-Sepsis

Overview:

Gastric Causes of Chronic Vomiting

-Chronic gastritis

?Lymphocytic/plasmacytic

?Eosinophilic

?Associated with GHLOs

?Parasitic

?Reflux gastritis

-Gastric foreign body

-Gastric ulceration

-Gastric motility disorders

-Gastric neoplasia

Overview:

Intestinal Causes of Chronic Vomiting

-Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

-Intestinal neoplasia

-Duodenal ulcers

-Fungal enteritis

-Chronic intussusception

-Foreign bodies

-Colitis

Chronic Vomiting: History

-Characterize vomiting

?Onset

?Duration

?Frequency

?Progression

?Relationship to eating

?Specific features (blood, foreign material, undigested food, projectile, etc.)

?Response to changes in diet or feeding schedule, medication, other changes

Associated clinical signs-

?Appetite changes

?Weight loss

?Diarrhea

?Changes in attitude (lethargy)

?PU/PD

?Cough, tachypnea, dyspnea

?Other

-Potential exposures prior to onset:

?Medications

?Plants

?Toxins

?Garbage

?Potential foreign bodies

?Other sick animals

-Dietary history

-Deworming history

-Vaccination status

-Past medical history

-Past surgical history

Approach to Vomiting:

-Primary GI

?Gastric

?Small intestinal

?Colonic

-Secondary GI

?Systemic illness that affects GI function

Chronic Vomiting:

Diagnostic Steps

-CBC, biochemistry profile, UA

-Fecal

-Survey abdominal radiographs

-Cats:

?T4 if over 6 yrs, FeLV, FIV

?occult heartworm test

-Elimination diet

-Endoscopy

-Abdominal ultrasound

-Barium series

-Laparatomy

Approach to Chronic Vomiting

CBC, biochemistry profile, UA, fecal

Survey abdominal radiographs

Cats: T4 if over 6 yrs, FeLV, FIV (occult heartworm test)

Mild Signs:

-Elimination diet

Significant Clinical Signs:

-Endoscopy

-Abdominal ultrasound

-Barium series

-Laparotomy

Overview:

Gastric Causes of Chronic Vomiting

-Chronic gastritis

?Lymphocytic/plasmacytic

?Eosinophilic

?Associated with GHLOs

?Parasitic

?Reflux gastritis

-Gastric foreign body

-Gastric ulceration

-Gastric motility disorders

-Gastric neoplasia

Chronic Gastritis

Classified by etiology, breed, and/or histopathology

Types of Chronic Gastritis

?Lymphocytic/plasmacytic gastritis (Chronic non-specific gastritis, IBD)

?Eosinophilic gastritis

?Granulomatous gastritis

?Atrophic gastritis

?Gastritis associated with GHLOs

?Parasitic gastritis

?Reflux gastritis

Etiopathogenesis of Chronic Lymphocytic/Plasmacytic Gastritis

-Non-specific reaction to many insults

-Either wall defects allow antigen absorption from stomach stimulating immune response OR breakdown in immune tolerance (auto-immune gastritis)

-Mucosal damage allows back-diffusion of acid

-Gastric inflammation compromises motility, secretions and plasma proteins lost into lumen

Chronic Lymphocytic/Plasmacytic Gastritis: Clinical Features

-Persistent intermittent vomiting exacerbated by eating

-Diarrhea occurs if animal has concurrent IBD of intestines

-PE, CBC, chemistries, UA, fecal, and survey radiographs ? typically NAF

Chronic Lymphocytic/Plasmacytic Gastritis: Diagnosis

-Obtain endoscopic biopsies or full-thickness biopsies by laparotomy

-Infiltration of the gastric mucosa predominantly with lymphocytes and plasma cells

-Mucosa may be normal thickness (simple gastritis), increased (hypertrophic), or decreased (atrophic)

Note: Mucosal hypertrophy can cause outflow obstruction

Chronic Lymphocytic/Plasmacytic Gastritis: Treatment

PRIMARY THERAPY

-+/- NPO or ?no food? for 24-48 hours

-Multiple small daily meals

?Easily digested diet (i/d)

?Novel protein diet (e.g. venison and rice)

?Hydrolyzed protein diet (z/d, HA)

-Gastric protectant (Sucralfate)

-Treat for ulceration if indicated

SECONDARY THERAPY

-Prednisolone 1-2 mg/kg PO q12 hr, tapered

-Usually reserve antiemetics for acute exacerbations

Eosinophilic Gastritis

-Clinical signs like L/P gastritis

-Inflammatory infiltrate dominated by eosinophils

-May have peripheral eosinophilia

-May be associated with:

?Generalized eosinophilic gastroenteritis (dogs and cats)

?Eosinophilic granulomas (dogs)

?Hypereosinophilic syndrome (cats)

Eosinophilic Gastritis

-Suspected etiologies

?Parasites

?Dietary hypersensitivity

?Hypereosinophilic syndrome (cats) ? neoplastic-

Eosinophilic Gastritis: Treatment

-Therapeutic deworming

-Treat as for L/P gastritis except use prednisolone as part of primary therapy

-Cats usually require higher doses of steroids for control (2-3 mg/kg q12 hr)

-If refractory, add azathioprine

-Resect granulomatous masses

Eosinophilic Gastritis: Prognosis

-Eosinophilic gastritis +/- enteritis: Good prognosis for control of clinical signs

-Hypereosinophilic syndrome in cats: Very guarded prognosis
More Articles from
Information Pets
Deciding on Getting a Companion For Your Dog
Being a Responsible Dog Owner ? What You Should Know
Pomeranians - Introduction
Six Things Your Vet Should Regularly Examine
Please let the Barking Stop NOW!
Make Sure Your Dog Does Not Become Another Statistic
Maintain Peacefulness and Silence in Your Home
Bird Watching in a Ghillie
Weirmaraner
Vizsla
Words on Ticks Upon Pets
What Does a Luxated Patella Mean to You and Your Dog?
Treating a Poisoned Dog in an Emergency
How to You Get Some Peace and Silent From Your Dogs
Glamorous Dog Fencing
The Sense of Smelling: American Foxhound
An Introduction To Pond Care
To Breed or Not To Breed?
How to Find the Right Cat For You at an Animal Shelter
The Ancestry and the Social Ranking of Your Dog
» More on
Information Pets
  • Related Articles
  • Author
  • Most Popular
Ibrahim Lodhi has sinced written about articles on various topics from Religion, Nutrition and Pets. Dr. D.S. Merchant is a Gold Medalist in (Anatomy & Histology), Resident AKUH, Pakistan. For more information on Gastroenterology or visit
Affordable Family Dental Plans
Family dental plans provide many important benefits, and the available plans are all very reasonably priced
 
A Guide to Business | Guide to Technology | Guide to Women | Guide to Health | Family Guide to | Travel & Vacations | Information on Cars

EditorialToday Pet Guide has 5 sub sections. Such as All About Pets, Dogs Information, Keeping Fish, All About Cats and Exotic Pets. With over 20,000 authors and writers, we are a well known online resource and editorial services site in United Kingdom, Canada & America . Here, we cover all the major topics from self help guide to A Guide to Business, Guide to Finance, Ideas for Marketing, Legal Guide, Lettre De Motivation, Guide to Insurance, Guide to Health, Guide to Medical, Military Service, Guide to Women, Pet Guide, Politics and Policy , Guide to Technology, The Travel Guide, Information on Cars, Entertainment Guide, Family Guide to, Hobbies and Interests, Quality Home Improvement, Arts & Humanities and many more.
About Editorial Today | Contact Us | Terms of Use | Submit an Article | Our Authors