As debt settlements, bankruptcies, and the unpopularity of credit card companying continue to increase, the Obama administration reiterated its support behind legislation in Congress that would put restrictions on the imposition of higher fees and interest rates on consumers. Following on promises made during his campaign, President Obama met with top brass from the largest credit card issuers in the country to push them toward action that would reduce abusive practices.
The meeting at the White House occurred as the House of Representatives worked to finalize new curbs on credit card fees. In addition to the curbs, senior White House officials pressed for a provision that forces require credit card companies to prioritize payments so that the first money to come in from a consumer is applied to debt carrying the highest interest rate.
In a separate action on Wednesday the House Financial Services committee passed a bill that would decrease and/or limit a variety of fees and penalties currently being charged by credit card companies. The bill was sponsored by Rep. Barney Frank, D-Mass., and Rep. Carolyn B. Maloney, D-N.Y
Most of the provisions, restrictions, and limits were already adopted by the Federal Reserve last year but there are also some new rules being dictated to the industry. The marketing of credit cards to minors would be prohibited. There are some new transparency rules for credit card companies requiring additional information for regulators. The last rule, and probably one that consumers going through debt settlement wish was in place a few years back, allows for credit cards holders to set lower credit limits than what the card issuers are offering. One specific benefit of the rule would be that parents could impose their own spending limits on credit cards they provide to their children.
The bill could reach the floor of the House where hopes are that it will fare better than a similar bill passed by the Senate Banking Committee three weeks ago. That bill barely passed with all Republicans on the committee in opposition. Pressed by credit card industry lobbyists, Senate Republicans will attempt to block that bill but public sentiment and pressure from the White House are likely to influence its passage.
Senate Republicans, industry executives, and lobbyists contend that passage of these bills is redundant due to the fact that the Federal Reserve has already adopted a series of similar restrictions that will go into effect next year. Another of the group's contentions is that the passing of the legislation could further reduce lending in the face of tighter credit card company restrictions and the inability of consumers to obtain financing through other means. In reality, it could be that real agenda is to delay the inevitable to allow for fees and high rates addressed in the bill to be charged for as long as possible.
Credit Card Issuers In
Banks which offer credit card services have overall remained very profitable; however the risk is very high, because the credit card business is all about giving unsecured (uncollateralized) loans. The bank is dependant on the borrower not to default in large numbers. Banks incur several costs, some of which are given below:
1. Interest Expenses: Banks generally borrow the money from other forms at very low interest rates from other firms. They borrow the amount the customer requires, and lend this money to the customer at high interest rates. For example, if the card issuer charges 15% on money lent to customers, and it costs 5% to borrow the money to lend, and the balance sits with the cardholder for a year, the issuer earns 10% on the loan. This 5% difference is the "interest expense" and the 10% is the "net interest margin". Normally, if the customer pays back the entire amount borrowed on credit within the first billing period, no interest is charged. This depends upon different bank policies.
2. Charge Offs: Some customers simply never pay their credit card bill. A considerable amount of money which banks loan on credit to customers will never be repaid, and this has been accounted to over 20% of the total. This is a loss to the bank, and they repay have to pay for the loans.
3. Rewards: The more a customer uses their credit card, the more rewards he gets, such as frequent flier rewards, gift certificates, and other incentives. However, the more the incentive given to the customer, the more the bank has to pay for these incentives. However, most rewards points are accrued as a liability on a company's balance sheet and expensed at the time of reward redemption. Thus, the bank increases its cost associated with credit cards, and has to make sure a balance strike between customer satisfaction, and bank expenses.
4. Fraud: When a card is stolen, or an un-authorized duplicate made, the bank pays back the card holder (i.e. refunds money) for some or all of the things which the customer has been billed for, but did not buy. These refunds will be at the expense of the merchant, however are usually at the expense of the bank. Thus, any misuse of credit cards increases the expense of the bank. Statistics show that the cost of fraud is high, in 2004: it was over 500 million pounds in UK.
5. Operating Costs: There is of course the cost of running the credit card portfolio, i.e. the cost of printing the plastic, mailing statements and bills, the cost of using computers and maintaining information in order, as well as the marketing costs.
Thus it shows that maintaining a credit card system for the card issuers is expensive, and banks must be careful when they invest into this line of service. A careful balance must be struck between the costs, and the revenue generated from the credit card users.
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