A. The effect of the child personality on development to adulthood
Three types of personality characteristics were followed in children from age 4 to 23 in relation to shyness and aggressiveness:
? Over controllers: Introverts with low emotional stability and low self-esteem - high shyness score in childhood which decreased with age due to adapting to familiar environment.
? Under controllers: low emotional stability, low levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness - high aggressive score. However, shyness in under controllers increased due to increased negative interaction with the environment.
? Resilient's: More sociable with above average emotional stability, IQ and academic achievement. Assumed adult social roles at an earlier age than the former 2 groups.
These significant changes in behavior demonstrate the importance of considering the relationship between a person (child) and the environment.
B. The effect of maternal influence on a child's ability to cope
Three types of maternal personalities and parenting characteristics were related to shyness in children, in a sample of 197 five-year-old children:
1. Fretful parenting: distressed, anxious, depressed, or over protective parents.
Over protecting children by removing them from socially challenging and stressful environments, may inhibit the shy child's development of appropriate coping strategies.
May promote positive social-emotional regulation and development of social skills. This might serve to improve the quality and quantity of the shy child's social interactions with peers.
3. Uninhibited parenting: extroverted parents
May create an environment that is too stimulating for shy children and may tend to be permissive, which may not provide enough structure to support the shy child's social needs.
"The Two Tuba Switch" provides a tool for parents and children to address the issue of shyness and the relationship between parents and children.
CULTURAL DIFFERENCE IN ATTITUDES TOWARDS SHYNESS
Parents in North American typically react to shy-inhibited behavior with concern and disappointment. However, shy-inhibited behavior in China is more common and approved by parents and peers. In traditional Chinese culture, shy, wary and restrained behavior is associated with virtuous qualities, maturity, modesty, cautiousness and self-control. Shy children perform well socially and academically during childhood, adolescence and are more likely than others to obtain leadership status and success.
CONCLUSIONS
Recent studies emphasis the biological and environmental factors of shyness in children and shed more light on the consequences of shyness in different cultures.
The cross-cultural differences in how shyness is perceived by parents and peers emphasize that it is also their attitudes which need to be addressed during intervention.
Current Research In Psychology
The ADHD or Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is disease which is a psychological disorder. Abnormal symptoms of hyperactivity and consideration deficits may be diagnosed as the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Nearly all children suffering from this disease are overactive and lacking concentration at times.
About 3 to 5 percent of children suffer from ADHD. ADHD is found at a higher rate in males than in females in their childhood. Sometimes ADHD may continue even till adulthood. It is found in even number in adults too. In adults the main causes of ADHD are depression, hot temperedness, anxiety and disturbed lifestyle.
With advanced study and research, the field of medicine has progressed with leaps and bounds. It has come up with cures for almost all the diseases. The research for such medicines still continues. But do all the drugs supposed to cure the diseases really perform their role or in turn throw up other range of different problems. This could be the problem associated with the drug called Ritalin prescribed over the disease Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder or ADHD.
There is a particular pattern that doctors follow nowadays that include filling up questionnaire by children and even counseling the parents is required. To avoid misdiagnosis of ADHD, a detailed study is required as to know exactly if the problem persists for years or is it a temporary behavior change.
Not much research have been done in this field but there are mainly two types of treatment which is generally used to cure the ADHD types of treatment for ADHD; pharmacological and non-pharmacological. Normally in these days the psychologist prescribes the psycho stimulant drugs such as Ritalin. Concereta with some non-stimulant drugs such as Starterra as well as amphetamines, such as Dexedrine and
Adderall.
What is the current research on ADHD?
There is not much research have been done in this field that is why there are not many ways to treat the Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The scientist and psychologist are not very sure the causes of this disorder. There are also many side effects of the ADHD drugs. There is a need to find the alternative drugs and medications.
A research is also done on the behavioral pattern of the various persons suffering from this disorder in the various age groups. In another research it is been found that the cases of this disorder is increasing in all age groups. It is found that this disease is more common in boys as compared to girls.
What is the significance of ADHD research?
The research proposes may help to provide an alternative method of treatment that reduces the evident symptoms normally associated with the child suffering from ADHD.
The research work in this field is in initial stages. There is a lot to be done to cure this disorder successfully. Because of these researches a new drugs and medications are coming and also because of these researches the behavioral pattern of the person suffering from this disease is being found out and also the dietary habits to be followed is being found out.
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