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Education Past And Present

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The Past and Present of Income Tax

Our great nation came into existence in fits and starts. Following the revolt against the British, a federal government was elected and the fun began. This ?fun? inevitably led to the situation where not everyone could agree on what the United States should stand for, much less what laws should be enacted. As a result, there was no federal income tax for nearly 100 years. Ah, the good ole days!

If there was no income tax during this period, you are probably wondering how the government functioned. It did so by collecting use and sales taxes. Taxes were charged on liquor, tobacco and imports to mention just a few. Many people in our modern society would like to return to just such a system.

Contrary to popular notions, the first income tax was not put into law in the early 1900's. In fact, the first President to institute an income tax was Abraham Lincoln. In 1861, President Lincoln and Congress passed an income tax law to assist with funding the Civil War with the south. When the war came to an end, the tax was phased out. Imagine a tax being phased out now? That should bring a tear of laughter to your eye.

The income tax as we know it was first instituted in 1913. Congress passed a law establishing a graduated tax rate of one to seven percent on all income taxes. I can say honestly and truthfully that I would kill to pay one percent in taxes these days. Heck, I am willing to take on the burden of paying seven percent!

In establishing the income tax system, the Constitution was amended to add a 16th Amendment. This Amendment gave the federal government the right to collect taxes. The politicians primarily responsible for this were President Roosevelt and President Taft. I mention two Presidents because the bitter debate over the subject took some time to work out.

If you're looking to blame a particular political party, Presidents Roosevelt and Taft were both Republicans. Of course, the Democrats haven't exactly made much of an effort to repeal the tax, so both parties deserve a whack upside the head in my opinion. Nonetheless, this is how we came to be burdened by the income tax in the United States.

Education Past And Present

From the Motorola Dyna-Tac of 1973 to the Nokia N-95 of 2007, mobile phone technology has evolved more in the past three decades than computer technology has in past six decades. The number of mobile phones outnumbers the population in 30 countries (according to Informa Telecoms and Media), and 80% of the world's population today can have access to mobile phone or cellular phone services. There are only a limited number of mobile phone technologies, but a very large amount of mobile phone manufacturers and cellular phone service providers. In places like the European Union and India, there is no charge for receiving phone calls on a mobile phone. Today, mobile phones are the cheapest means of communication.

Mobile phones became accessible to most of the world mainly because of technological advances that decreased the associated costs. Competition among mobile phone service providers to offer prepaid mobile phone services resulted in an even more increased mobile phone penetration in developing and under developed countries.

Mobile phones today are not just a means of communication. Text messages came as a value added feature in the mid 1980s. In Japan, people use mobile phones to pay their bills. Elsewhere in the world, people use mobile phones to browse the internet. Today, mobile phones that can take photographs and capture video clips are the norm, at least in developed and developing countries. Mobile phones that can communicate with other electronic devices using Bluetooth technology are no longer news. Still now, there is confusion as to whether mobile phones take over computers or computers move to hand-held PDAs. Mobile phones today are all-in-one communication devices, duplicating (or multiplying) as phone books, entertainment gadgets, digital cameras, internet access devices, and personal computers.

The latest main mobile phone technologies are GSM and CDMA. People are not very concerned about which technology their phone uses. GSM stands for Global System of Mobile Communications, which, with its standard compliance, ensures worldwide roaming for its users. Someone buying a mobile phone in the UK can use that same phone in Japan and can receive calls to the same number as the subscriber would in the UK. EGPRS or EDGE is an extension of the GSM System that is used for high speed video conferencing and internet access.

CDMA technology offers voice clarity and faster data transfer. CDMA is not used in certain regions of the world, such as the European Union, making the CDMA handsets mostly useless if roaming internationally. CDMA and GSM technologies are both available in countries like India, while in most countries you have only one choice. GSM is the only standard available across the EU, but people have to depend solely on CDMA while travelling to Japan or South Korea.

The price of mobile phones today runs from USD 20 to up to USD 10000. Features range from talking and messaging to recording 30 minutes or more of high definition video. Choosing one of the mobile phones today is a difficult task for the poor as well as the rich.

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Both Richard A. Chapo & Maxim Garanichev are contributors for EditorialToday. The above articles have been edited for relevancy and timeliness. All write-ups, reviews, tips and guides published by EditorialToday.com and its partners or affiliates are for informational purposes only. They should not be used for any legal or any other type of advice. We do not endorse any author, contributor, writer or article posted by our team.

Richard A. Chapo has sinced written about articles on various topics from Finances, Tax Deductions and Tax. Richard A. Chapo is with BusinessTaxRecovery.com - providing information on .. Richard A. Chapo's top article generates over 22200 views. to your Favourites.

Maxim Garanichev has sinced written about articles on various topics from Business Plan, Spyware and Information Technology. . Maxim Garanichev's top article generates over 5400 views. to your Favourites.

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