Even at low concentrations, alcohol can stimulate areas of the brain. The areas that get stimulated include the cortex, hippocamus and nucleus accumbens. These are responsible for the processes of thinking and pleasure seeking. Alcohol is rapidly absorbed by the stomach, especially if it is empty, and quickly enters the individual's blood stream, thus penetrating all the tissues. A variety of factors influence its effects, including age, sex , size and weight of the person consuming alcohol.
Since it stimulates the pleasure seeking areas of the brain, alcohol tends to make people shed their inhibitions in social situations. They tend to be more enthusiastic in their speech and movements. Other effects of moderate consumption are body relaxation, dizziness and talkativeness. When taken in slightly larger quantities, slurred speech, nausea, vomiting and interrupted sleep can occur. Individuals may begin to display aggressive behavior, commit domestic violence and indulge in child abuse. A person who may have consumed even low quantities of alcohol, should be prevented from driving, as it significantly impairs the coordination and judgment required to drive a car.
A hangover is another effect of moderate to large quantities of alcohol intake. Headache, nausea, thirst, fatigue and dizziness are felt by an individual who is suffering from a hangover.
Long-term effects
Heavy intake of alcohol, over a long period of time, can lead to alcohol addiction, also known as alcoholism. If an alcoholic suddenly stops consuming alcohol, severe withdrawal symptoms such as intense anxiety, tremors, hallucinations and convulsions will occur. Alcoholics tend to ignore their nutrition. Alcoholism, coupled with inferior nutrition, can lead to very severe or even permanent damage to vital organs of the body including the brain and liver. Women who consume alcohol during pregnancy may give birth to babies with fetal alcohol syndrome. They may be mentally retarded and/or suffer from physical abnormalities that are irreversible. Moreover, genetic factors are known to raise an individual's risk of becoming an alcoholic. Hence, the children of mothers who drink alcohol during pregnancy are more likely to become alcoholics later on in life.
Other long term effects include inflammation of the pancreas, coronary heart disease, damage to the nerves, or neuropathy, brain degeneration, increased risk of a variety of cancers, liver cirrhosis and of course, damage to one's personal and professional life.
Effects Of Alcohol Consumption
In Proverbs 23:19-21 of the Bible, it states : "Listen, my son, and be wise, and keep your heart on the right path. Do not join those who drink too much wine or gorge themselves on meat, for drunkards and gluttons become poor, and drowsiness clothes them in rags."
We need to understand that when we choose to drink alcohol we are making a much more serious choice than we know of. We are choosing to give over the control of our life, our health, our relationships at home and at work into the hands of a substance that can ruin not just us, but everything in our lives.Physically and medically, excessive alcohol consumption may lead to the following diseases :
1.Stomach - The effect of alcohol on the stomach is extremely dangerous that it becomes unable to produce the natural digestive fluid in sufficient quantity and also fails to absorb the food which it may imperfectly digest. A condition marked by the sense of nausea emptiness, prostration and distention will always be faced by an alcoholic. This results in a loathing for food and is teased with a craving for more drink. Thus there is engendered a permanent disorder which is called dyspepsia. The disastrous forms of confirmed indigestion originate by this practice.
2.Liver - The organic deteriorations caused by the continued use of alcohol are often of a fatal character. The organ which most frequently undergoes structural changes from alcohol, is the liver. Normally, the liver has the capacity to hold active substances in its cellular parts. In instances of poisoning by various poisonous compounds, we analyse liver as if it were the central depot of the foreign matter. It is practically the same in respect to alcohol. The liver of an alcoholic is never free from the influence of alcohol and it is too often saturated with it. The minute membranous or capsular structure of the liver gets affected, preventing proper dialysis and free secretion. The liver becomes large due to the dilatation of its vessels, the surcharge of fluid matter and the thickening of tissue. This follows contraction of membrane and shrinking of the whole organ in its cellular parts. Then the lower parts of the alcoholic becomes dropsical owing to the obstruction offered to the returning blood by the veins. The structure of the liver may be charged with fatty cells and undergo what is technically designated 'fatty liver'.
3.Kidneys - The Kidneys also suffer due to the excessive consumption of alcohol. The vessels of Kidneys lose elasticity and power of contraction. The minute structures in them go through fatty modification. Albumin from the blood easily passes through their membranes. This results in the body losing its power as if it were being run out of blood gradually.
4.Lungs - Alcohol relaxes the vessels of the lungs easily as they are most exposed to the fluctuations of heat and cold. When subjected to the effects of a rapid variation in atmospheric temperature, they get readily congested. During severe winter seasons, the suddenly fatal congestions of lungs easily affects an alcoholic.
5.Heart - Consumption of alcohol greatly affects the heart. The quality of the membraneous structures which cover and line the heart changes and are thickened, become cartilaginous or calcareous. Then the valves lose their suppleness and what is termed valvular disorder becomes permanent. The structure of the the coats of the great blood-vessel leading from the heart share in the same changes of structure so that the vessel loses its elasticity and its power to feed the heart by the recoil from its distention, after the heart, by its stroke, has filled it with blood.
Again, the muscular structure of the heart fails owing to degenerative changes in its tissue. The elements of the muscular fibre are replaced by fatty cells or, if not so replaced, are themselves transferred into a modified muscular texture in which the power of contraction is greatly reduced.
6.Blood - Those who suffer from these organic deteriorations of the central and governing organ of the circulation of the blood learn the fact so insidiously, it hardly breaks upon them until the mischief is far advanced. They are conscious of a central failure of power from slight causes such as overexertion, trouble, broken rest or too long abstinence from food. They feel what they call a 'sinking' but they know that wine or some other stimulant will at once relieve the sensation. Thus they seek to relieve it until at last they discover that the remedy fails. The jaded, overworked, faithful heart will bear no more. it has run its course and the governor of the blood-streams broken. The current either overflows into the tissues gradually damming up the courses or under some slight shock or excess of motion ceases wholly at the centre.
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