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Extensible Markup Language Xml

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Extensible markup language takes the best features of standard generalized markup language and combines it with some features of hyper text mark up language and adds rest of the features from successful applications of both. Extensible markup language takes its major frame work from standard generalized mark up language.



It is commonly called subset of standard generalized mark up language but in technical terms it is an application profile of standard generalized markup language where as hyper text mark up language uses standard generalized markup language and is an application of standard generalized markup language, extensible markup language is just standard generalized markup language on a very small scale. Extensible markup language inherits the use of web address from hyper text mark up language.

Extensible markup language also adds a list of features that make it far more suitable than either standard generalized markup language or html for use on web. Html appears to have no document type definition. There is an implied document type definition hard coded into web browsers. Standard generalized markup language has a limitless number of document type definitions on the other hand, but there is only one for each type of document. Extensible markup language enables user to leave the document type definition all together combines multiple fragments of either extensible markup language instance or separates document type definitions into one compound instance. Extensible markup language's powerful linking mechanism slows user to link to material without requiring the link target to physically present in the object that is extensible markup language opens possibilities fro linking together things like material to which accessing compact disc read only memory, library catalogues, the result of database queries is not required.

Further it allows user to store the links separately from the object they link. Apart from linking extensible markup language introduces a very superior way of including link targets in the current instance. This opens a new doorway towards composite documents that is documents composed of fragments of other documents that are automatically assembled to form what is displayed at that particular moment. Both hypertext mark up language and standard generalized markup language sing foreign characters whereas xml is based on Unicode and requires all xml software to support Unicode as well, Unicode enables xml to handle not just western accented characters but also Asian languages. Traditional computer storage allows one byte of storage for each character. However this only works out to allowing two hundred and fifty six choices of characters. The first one hundred and twenty eight characters are typically the same and the last hundred and twenty eight characters vary based on the character set. Unicode is a way to allow a computer to keep two bytes per character.

Article written by Kyle Newton .
Extensible Markup Language Xml
Many Web pages today are poorly written. Syntactically incorrect HTML code may work in most browsers even if it does not follow HTML rules. Browsers employ heuristics to deal with these flawed Web pages; however, Web-enabled wireless devices (such as PDAs) cannot accommodate these hefty Web browsers. The next step in HTML’s evolution comes in the form of XHTML (eXtended Hypertext Markup Language), which is basically a combination of HTML and XML.

History

As with XML, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) was the force behind XHTML’s development. When XML was introduced, a two-day workshop was held to discuss whether a new version of HTML in XML was needed. The answer was a resounding “Yes."

The first W3C Recommendation to be published was XHTML 1.0, which reformulates HTML 4.0.1 in XML and combines the strengths of the two markup languages. The recommendation followed from earlier work on HTML 4.0.1, HTML 4.0, HTML 3.2, and HTML 2.0.

The second W3C Recommendation was XHTML Basic. It boasts of images, forms, basic tables, and object support. XHTML Basic is designed for Web clients that do not support the full set of XHTML features; examples of these clients are mobile phones, PDAs, pagers, and set-top boxes.

The third W3C Recommendation to come out was on the Modularization of XHTML. It provides a means for extending and creating subsets for XHTML. The modular design introduced by this recommendation underscores the invalidity of the “one-size-fits-all" approach nowadays, especially with the advent of Web browsers that vary in capabilities (e.g. cellphone browser vs. desktop PC browser).

The fourth W3C Recommendation was XHTML 1.1 (Module Based XHTML). Here, a new XHTML document type is defined based on the modular design of the third XHTML Recommendation.

Profile

XHTML is a family of current and future document types and modules that contains all of the HTML 4.0.1 elements combined with XML syntax. XHTML is classified as an XML Application, and thus possess many XML features.

XHTML, described by Andrew Tanenbaum as a “language that is Very Picky", differs itself from HTML by its stricter syntax.

The current version of XHTML that is supported by browsers is XHTML 1.0, a W3C Recommendation discussed earlier. There are three variants to XHTML 1.0:

    XHTML 1.0 Strict — used for exceptionally clean structural markup; the CSS (Cascading Style Sheet) language can be used with this variant to get the desired font, color, and layout effects


    XHTML 1.0 Transitional — best option for Web authors with webpages meant for general public access; takes advantage of XHTML features including style sheets


    XHTML 1.0 Frameset — used to partition the Web browser window into two or more frames


Syntax

The important thing to remember here is that XHTML is extended HTML. This means that writing XHTML code is very similar to writing HTML code. The only difference lies in the fact that XHTML is more strict and more structured than its progenitor.

A good way of familiarizing yourself with XHTML is to get old HTML code and bring it up to XHTML standards. You'll need to keep in mind several rules:

    All elements must be properly nested.


    All elements must be properly closed.


    All tag names must be in lower case.


    All attribute names must be in lower case.


    All attribute values must be properly quoted.


    The "id" attribute replaces the "name" attribute.


    All images must have alternate ("alt") text -- make the page accessible for devices that don't load images, or screen-readers for the blind.


    All XHTML documents must have a DOCTYPE declaration, as well as the "html", "head", and "body" elements.


    The "title" element must be present within the "head" element.


A good hands-on tutorial on XML can be found at http://w3schools.com.

Discpiline and practice will allow you to master XHTML in no time. However, if you don't want to convert an existing HTML document to XHTML yourself, you can use HTML Tidy, a software that does the transformation for you. Also, you can use Amaya, a web browser and editor that saves HTML documents as XHTML ones.

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Both Richards & Phillip Jr. Kimpo are contributors for EditorialToday. The above articles have been edited for relevancy and timeliness. All write-ups, reviews, tips and guides published by EditorialToday.com and its partners or affiliates are for informational purposes only. They should not be used for any legal or any other type of advice. We do not endorse any author, contributor, writer or article posted by our team.

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Phillip Jr. Kimpo has sinced written about articles on various topics from Software, computers and the internet and Site Promotion. Phillip Kimpo Jr. is a member of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). He keeps a tech blog at and a literary blog at. Phillip Jr. Kimpo's top article generates over 2400 views. to your Favourites.
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