It is well known that martial arts and fighting has been prevalent in Japan for many, many years. In fact, some of the earliest records that Japan has, such as the Record of Ancient Matters (also known as the Kojiki) and the Chronicles of Japan (known as the Nihon Shoki), give details about early styles of martial arts and combat. Stories have been told of Jiu Jitsu's origins, however, the most famous story includes two warriors who fought in front of Emperor Sunin Tajima no Kehaya was defeated and killed by the warrior Nomi no Sekuni of Izumo. The fighting style used during this epic battle became known as Nihon Koryu jujutsu and included a series of kicks, punches, throws and other forms of unarmed combat.
Nihon jujutsu began to take several forms, including Edo jujutsu, and the techniques used in both styles of martial arts evolved into a form similar to modern Jiu Jitsu today. Many techniques that could be seen in both Edo jujutsu and Nihon jujutsu included throws (such as joint-locking throws and throws that unbalance the opponent), kicks, punches, and controlling the opponent using a variety of tactics including strangulation, wrestling and pinning. Jiu Jitsu also evolved to include a variety of defense mechanisms, such as blocking, escaping a fight if needed and evading an opponent's attacks.
As time went on and the martial art of Jiu Jitsu developed, students of the art were taught to use various weapons. Many weapons were used, including small iron fans and daggers (these were also used in the earlier version of Edo jujutsu), however, the weapon most unique to jiu jitsu is the hojo waza, or the hojo cord. As its namesake implies, the hojo cord is a thin, small cord that is used to restrain or strangle an opponent if needed. Of course, since this technique can be brutal and sometimes the end result is fatal, the more modern versions of Jiu Jitsu do not include training a student to use a hojo cord. However, police in Japan are, in fact, still trained to use a hojo cord (along with handcuffs) should the need to use it ever arise.
As time went on and the martial art of Jiu Jitsu developed, students of the art were taught to use various weapons. Many weapons were used, including small iron fans and daggers (these were also used in the earlier version of Edo jujutsu), however, the weapon most unique to jiu jitsu is the hojo waza, or the hojo cord. As its namesake implies, the hojo cord is a thin, small cord that is used to restrain or strangle an opponent if needed. Of course, since this technique can be brutal and sometimes the end result is fatal, the more modern versions of Jiu Jitsu do not include training a student to use a hojo cord. However, police in Japan are, in fact, still trained to use a hojo cord (along with handcuffs) should the need to use it ever arise.
Police in Tokyo and other parts of Japan also utilize their own form of Jiu Jitsu, called Gendai jujutsu. The popularity of this form of Jiu Jitsu spread quickly, however, and many in many countries, this form of martial art is utilized by police forces across the globe. Because of its versatility, Jiu Jitsu (modern and older styles) can be used as a basis for other martial arts to build off of.
History Of Jiu Jitsu
The only shamming that is regarded as being dishonorable is for one contestant to pretend to surrender, and then to take instant advantage of the cessation of his punishment by making an unlooked-for attack upon his adversary. But shammed unconsciousness is a trick in which no surrender has been proclaimed. If the victor in a bout can be deceived into believing that his victim has been rendered unconscious, and if the victor is bared thus into relaxing his vigilance, it is wholly proper to take advantage of his carelessness.
For this reason it often becomes necessary to know whether an opponent is only pretending to have been deprived of his senses. The method of investigating this is an ingenious and effective one, and has the further excuse that it will restore consciousness in light attacks of fainting.
The assailant throws himself on the ground beside his adversary. With the tips of one finger the aggressor jabs the suspected pretender lightly and repeatedly in the solar plexus, while the investigator's other hand is employed in giving the shoulder pinch. The unremitting jabs in the plexus are in themselves enough to fill a shammer with a very lively desire to leap to his feet and thus deliver himself from the nauseating, nerve-wracking prodding. And the pain caused by the shoulder pinch completes the pretender's earnest desire to escape further torment by surrender.
It takes but very little time for the student to make himself master of this shoulder pinch. The thumb is pressed into the front side of the top of the shoulder, while the grip is kept by grasping with the fingers at the back of the shoulder. A very little practice upon his own shoulder will show a jiu-jitsian just where the spot is that is hyper-sensitive to the pinch with the thumb. Bear in mind that the ball of the thumb should dig in at the point where the head of the upper arm joins the scapula.
Often this pinch can be employed by itself and not in combination. If the assailant secures a good grip in this fashion, keeping his own body as far away from return attack as possible, the victim is often forced to draw back out of striking distance.
Still another value of this shoulder pinch will be suggested to the investigating student. Often, in a throw, the victim will fall upon one side. It is an advantage to the aggressor to have his man lying face downward. In that case the shoulder pinch should be applied roughly to the shoulder on the ground.
The pain is so intense that the victim rolls over on his face in order to weaken the force of the pinch. If he does the assailant must take prompt advantage by kneeling with one knee in the back of his opponent and the other knee across the back of one of the upper arms of the prostrate one.
Now, the wrist of the arm that is so pinned must be seized, and the arm forced upward with a strong pull. As the upper portion of the arm is pinned by a knee, and the front side of the arm is downward, the victim's arm is forced through that painful process of which so much has been said, the process of "bending the wrong way." And the result of this excruciating torment is unconditional and prompt surrender on the part of the now helpless victim.
Thus has the jui-jitsian not only gained the upper hand but has also proved to his own satisfaction that his opponent is only shamming!
Both James Dunn & Jimmy Cox are contributors for EditorialToday. The above articles have been edited for relevancy and timeliness. All write-ups, reviews, tips and guides published by EditorialToday.com and its partners or affiliates are for informational purposes only. They should not be used for any legal or any other type of advice. We do not endorse any author, contributor, writer or article posted by our team.
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