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Infringement Of Intellectual Property

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Attorneys are constantly setting new precedent when it comes to patent infringement law dealing with intellectual property, as intellectual property is the material which comes from the stuff inside my head. Intellectual property covers everything from the creation of written material to software to recorded media. Lawyers from around the world have yet to come up with exactly what encompasses intellectual property and what doesn't. No national or international agreement exists as of yet.



Attorneys have been able to agree on a case by case basis when patent infringement of intellectual property has occurred. It is basically the theft or copying of another's idea, material, compound, or product and claiming it as your own. Marketing of material that is the product of patent infringement is very illegal, and is prosecutable, typically leading to high end awards for claimants. It may very well be a complicated sector of law, but patent infringement attorneys certainly know it when they see it.

There is a difference between copyrighted material and intellectual material, and these law does not necessarily apply the same way as copyrighted law, however they are also very similar. As an attorney explains, copyrighted material can be copyrighted by the author or producer in any stage at any time simply by placing the copyrighted symbol on the page along with the necessary information. It may be cataloged with the copyright office, but it is not required to be.

On the other hand, nobody can be guilty of patent infringement if there is no registered patent. A registered patent is necessary for it to occur. Patent infringement is determined by numerous other factors as well, not solely on whether or not there was a patent.

In the quest for a patent, a company or individual typically retains an attorney to validate that there is not already in existence a pending patent of the same caliber. This is referred to as a clearance search. After the clearance search is complete, the patent infringement lawyer then offers his legal opinion to the status of the invention and then to the likelihood of the product being a threat of patent infringement. After these steps are completed, the inventor then files a patent application. Only after the patent application has been published can there be any threat of it.

Unintentional patent infringement is still prosecutable. However, only if willful patent infringement is determined can the jury then award the claimant up to three times the actual damages plus legal fees. Involuntary patent infringement does not allow for such high damages, however, damages for losses, estimated losses, or potential losses are a possibility along with the right to demand removal of the product from commercial venues.

Because it comes with such heavy consequences, it is typically agreed upon that attorneys are hired by the company at the onset of any new project. Attorneys are able to provide the valuable insight into latent law that can help a company determine whether or not to proceed with a particular project.

It is possible to purchase insurance, which protects the inventor in the event that they accidentally overstep laws. However, patent infringement insurance policies generally demand that the inventor or the inventor's company confer with a patent infringement attorney prior to purchase of the policy.

In the event that the attorney ill advised the inventor, the insurance then protects the inventor and his company from financial devastation. Although patent infringement attorneys are well versed in law and the practices of avoiding a patent infringement lawsuit, they are still human beings and it is possible for an attorney to make an error.

Being able to invent something new and to improve the world in one form or another is really an amazing gift. Of course, everyone wants their just desserts when they produce something that no one else has thought of. Laws are there to help protect free enterprise and to encourage the continuation of developments and inventions. Intellectual property is one of the highest assets we as human being are blessed with, and it is always positive when it is applied in good turn.
Infringement Of Intellectual Property
There's some graphics or content (or even website legal documents) on the web that you like... there's no copyright notice associated with it.

You'd like to take it and incorporate it into your site, right?

It's so tempting, but DON'T do it!

Copyright Infringement Issues

Under the US Copyright Act, there is a principle some refer to as the "rule of automatic copyright". This rule provides that once an author or artist:

* creates a work of authorship (text, graphics, content),

* that is fixed in a tangible medium of expression (can be perceived by a person even if a machine or device is required to do so),

* copyright automatically vests in the author or artist (regardless of whether the work has a copyright notice or whether it is registered with the Copyright Office).

So, you need to secure the appropriate permissions before using the graphics or content. Failure to do so, can cost you dearly.

An illustrative case is the case of Photo Resource Hawaii, Inc. v. American Hawaii Travel, Inc., No. 07-00134 DAE-LAK (Dist. Hawaii Dec. 12, 2007). In this case, the defendant never had rights to the content, and he was ordered to pay $48,000 in statutory damages, $5,145.55 in attorney's fees, and $386 in court costs.

The same result is true if you had permission to use the material, but the permission expires or terminates. Even if use was originally with permission, use after expiration or termination will get you sued. In the case of Chase Jarvis v. K2 Inc., No. CO3-1265Z (W. Dist. Washington Dec. 12, 2003), the defendant was nailed for infringement because his content license had expired.

Ditto For "Borrowing" Someone Else's Website Documents

You realize that it's past time for you to add the website disclaimers and documents to make your site legally compliant.

So, what to do? You consider "borrowing" legal agreements from another website. After all, it's there for the taking. Right?

Wrong! For starters, it may be copyright infringement to copy the other guy's documents without permission. That's reason enough not to do it.

The other reason is that just as with most things... one size does not fit all. You should realize that each ecommerce business is unique. The other guy's policies regarding the collection, use, sharing, storing, and security of customer data most certainly will not match yours.

Additionally... the other guy's assumptions may be different.

For example, the other guy's site may not incorporate blogs, forums, or chat rooms. If your site does incorporate a blog, then his documents will not have the DMCA notice (and you will not qualify for the "safe harbor" from copyright liability; you'll be liable without even knowing it). Even if his site incorporates a blog, do you want to bet that it has the DMCA notice in proper form?

Another example... I recommend that you assume that you will need broad rights to collect and use passive information from site visitors, so I recommend that you reserve broad rights to collect passive information from them - even if you do not actually utilize all the methods you reserve rights for at the outset, you probably will later - if the other guy's privacy statement does not make the same assumption, and only reserves rights for a relatively narrow range of collection methods, you may be in breach of your Privacy Policy and not even know it.

Finally, your website disclaimers and documents and the other elements of website compliance must work together as a system, so documents are not interchangeable. For example:

* your Terms of Use and Customer Agreement relate to your DMCA Registration Form and to your disclaimers,

* disclaimers that are merely notices in your Terms of Use carry over to your customer agreement where they become a part of a binding contract,

* notices in your Terms of Use regarding the location of your site's servers become critical in terms of your Privacy Policy, especially for personal information transferred from users located in the European Union,

* and so on.

Conclusion

In summary, do it right. Don't cut corners with something so important as your website content and website documents. Use your own content, documents, policies, and rules for your website.

Only then will you have the confidence and peace of mind that you will not be faced with a demand letter, or worse -- a lawsuit -- from the content owner.
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Chip Cooper has sinced written about articles on various topics from Internet Marketing, Computers and The Internet and Internet Marketing. Chip Cooper is a leading intellectual property, software, and Internet attorney who advises software and ecommerce businesses nationwide. Chip's 25+ years of experience include 20 years as Adjunct Professor of Computer Law at Wake Forest University School. Chip Cooper's top article generates over 22200 views. to your Favourites.
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Deal only with companies you are familiar with or offer some sort of reliability rating on their site. For example, look for the Better Business Bureau seal on the site.
 
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