Is the first sector of Li luan Vietnamese language and language learning with knowledge and experience of more than 40 years teaching at university, postgraduate study at a training base linguists oldest, heads the and with a wide range of projects including research articles, books, curriculum, in professional, the author has developed in this book the standard goal of university education that the Ministry of Education and Training regulations . Can be found in a forest knowledge language learning with the wider issues at least not have the uniformity of opinion, with content also crestfallen requires further research, the author of Teaching the language learning has the option to include this book knowledge appropriate help for the user is first to understand and grasp the concepts, basic content, from which direction they think the content needs to communicate change. Therefore, not difficult to recognize that the science in this book are many, but not confused, depending on the light display; knowledge in this book general, abstract and difficult, but not cold vision against ngop, daunting to a reader that is seamless string chain, causing excitement for learning; Examples in the lead are from real life language in Vietnam have proved, and to recreate the argument, as the students knowledge and not to recreate Comment from reality; Asked discussed in every section always includes some questions reinforce the knowledge learned and some of the questions apply to actual Vietnamese language learning in particular, the issues of language in Vietnam in general. All have made a success can not be negative about the science content and teaching methods of this book.
The book includes 12 chapters, each chapter is a content of scientific language, is: 1 The nature and functions of language; 2 Origin and development of language; 3 / Language with thinking and culture; 4 / The language in the world, Script; 6 / Language Studies; 7 / phonetics 8 / Vocabulary study; 9 / Grammar school, 10 of the Language Education; 11 of the Language Education; 12 / Applied Language Studies. Looking overall, the book cover has all of the content of language learning. In each part of the content and specific content in each is specific to each of the small issues. Thus, can recognize the basic knowledge and modern knowledge, knowledge of character and practical knowledge.
Chapter 1: The nature and functions of language, the book went from initial concept to identify the object, that is "recognized and defined the language", which clarifies the social and religious nature as well as the functional interface and functions as a means of thinking (the other functions) of language.
Chapter 2: Origin and development of language learning, presented a systematic origin of human language and the development of language. In order to clarify the conditions arose language and body language, the book introduced the different points of origin of language from which to analyze only the origin of language. Also, indicate the development of language with a series of concepts such as language of communication, language area, language ethnicity, culture and language ... the variations related to this concept; analysis of objective factors as well as for owners of language variation and development. S? is remarkably the formation and development of English to be taken as to illustrate the theory l?.
Chapter 3: Language for thinking and culture, presenting the relationship between language and thinking and the relationship between language and culture. Only two of the previous contract or one language with thinking or separate language and thinking, the author has analyzed, demonstrated and confirmed that language and thinking unification but not most. For the relationship between language and culture, the authors pointed out the relationship between the complication and the concept of different languages and culture as hypotheses of Sapir-Whorf, Li probably about language regulations in culture, culture of the language.
Chapter 4: The language in the world, is not listed in the list of languages available on the world and presenting them in two l? theory classified by linguists as classified by origin compared with methods s'nh history to divide us into the language and the languages according to the type of divisive language of the type of languages. Based on this classification with the characteristics of each sub-category, can enter the characteristics of the English language as well as ethnic minorities in Vietnam.
Chapter 5: script, present the type of script in the world, the relationship between speech and writing letters, spelling. In each letter is only the characteristics and illustrate specific. Remarkably Kanji - type words related to English (have been used as a text written by English) and different languages such as Chinese, Korean in Asia was the leading as illustrated and analyzed ki Luong.
Chapter 6: Language learning, presented how the formation and development, the object, tasks, content research of language learning that its audience is language. Also, as a basic science, linguists have relations with the science base for the formation of the language industry in the sectoral or adjacent ditch.
Chapter 7, Chapter 8, Chapter 9 and Chapter 10 presented four research content to the average of the system structure of language is pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar and literature. The four parts are presented by the unified framework. Series of basic concepts have been clearly defined by, Li and especially, the actual average of pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar and literature in English has to be done for example to add complementary to l? lu'n. Specifically:
CChapter 7: phonetics, presentation objects and duties of phonetics, the birth of Li, recreate objects of pronunciation, the sound, the phenomenon di'u language and sound to learn.
Chapter 8: Vocabulary study, presented eight content is: vocabulary and vocabulary learning from trpng system vocabulary of the language, the words equivalent to words, word classes, the variation of the word region and the system of words in the dictionary.
Chapter 9: Language learning, presentation of content, including grammar and language learning, meaning and grammatical meaning of words, from, grammatical categories, grammatical relations, the relationship of syntax, structure syntax elements and syntax, functional grammar, the language, and Focus.
Chapter 10: Language of study, 10 presented the content is, the language school, and the meaning of the language, change the meaning of words, the type of meaning of the word, the meaning of questions , the relations of meaning, the meaning.
Chapter 11: Language of study, as a new research by linguists in the logistics structure, presented a system to identify the concepts and how to exploit and implement the particular issue able, including 8 contents: use language learning, language and meaning, Li convincing action words, conversation analysis, history and communications, principles of cooperation and refers to conversations, information structure, analyze the language and conversation analysis.
Chapter 12: Applied Language Studies, presented the application's primary language learning in some areas such as language learning and language teaching, language learning and translation, language and literature. Hence can see, Li theory of language learning is not only a "gray", as well as research in language learning is not only "language because the language" that have contributed useful life man.
With over 500 page book, in the language study has provided the knowledge base of both modern, updated science of language.
As a research and teaching linguists under the pupils, respect talent, effort by GS.TS Thien Nguyen Giap, although Master was "Training m'n l? galaxy", but still drunk with the job to be this book, I would introduce the readers.
GS.TS Nguyen Van Khang
Researchers Advanced Language Studies Institute
Chairman of Language Studies Hanoi
Language In Education Policy
The problem with this: it is not only about the most ineffective way of language training, some of these elements such as translations and grammar drill are outright harmful.
Before we get into the details, please consider this: how did you learn to walk? All by yourself I believe and further you might agree that nowhere in the world there is a pediatrician or pedagogue who would advocate special walking instructions and drills for babies and toddlers (unless they were disabled). Likewise we all know that children learn their native language automatically just by listening and gradually communicating with people who are more advanced than they. By the age of six a normally developped child knows about 100,000 words in their native language if you count all word forms, e.g. go -> went, brother -> brethren, may -> might etc. Even a professor who later teaches that language as his best foreign language will hardly ever surpass such a six year old which you can easily check by asking him or her for e.g. a list of thirty types of tree or thirty species of birds, or if he knows the games and toys such child usually plays with in his native language and is accustomed to name.
So we may safely say that nature's normal way of acquiring a language is the best, simply the most effective way and that all other methods lag miles behind. While there are a many fun ways to learn a language, they're still not as effective as the simple way babies acquire their first. But there are certain widely employed methods that are outrright harmful and one of them is grammar training.
Did you ever reflect on grammar when acquiring or using your native language until the age of six? Not really, most people whose parents are accomplished speakers just pick up their parents style and vocabulary. The most important thing though is that we have certain areas in our brains that are trained to distill rules from repeating patterns, such as past tense or the plural "s" as in manner -> manners, fan -> fans, can - cans etc. This process is automatical and the correct "grammatical" rule becomes woven into the language usage pattern and then works without thinking.
But if you force anyone, esp. children, to reflect upon those rules, worse even to learn them up front, you will destroy that rule building process with the end result that your child may never learn that second language fluently but may always behave like a self-conscious and slow speaker who tries to first access his/her grammatical "rule book" that is by now saved in a completely different part of their brain.
This is known since decades, however, modern school currikcula and teacher training does not reflect that knowledge. Rather children are given assignments in their native language and challenged to translate into the target foreign language, whereby they are asked to apply those cherished rules. We will cover the detrimental effects of early translation assignments in another article. Let's just quote a few sources on grammar drill and its effects:
"Why Doesn't Grammar Correction Work? The first reason why writing class grammar feedback doesn't work is that it treats only the surface appearance of grammar and not with the way language develops ... Secondly, learning grammar in a second language is a complex and gradual process which occurs both developmentally and hierarchically (some items are acquired before others). Compounding this is the fact that the learning of linguistic items does not occur in a linear fashion, that the learning curve for an item is full of valleys and peaks, progress and regressions." (Grammar Correction in ESL/EFL Writing Classes May Not Be Effective, Ronald Gray, Beijing Language and Culture University (Beijing, China)) http://iteslj.org/Techniques/Gray-WritingCorrection.html The author then continues: "So what should a L2 writing teacher do? The quickest and most effective solution would be for writing instructors to simply stop making grammar corrections." And take note: "In short, teachers need to train themselves to set aside their red pens and examine ideas and see what students are trying to say instead of simply looking for grammatical errors."
"When you are just learning to speak a new language, learning grammar rules is not only senseless, but harmful as far as developing your ability to fluently express yourself. ... In most cases, our speech is formed by communication, the quantity and quality of studied literature, education, or simply our surrounding environment. During systematic simultaneous repetition, one develops an inner sense of the language, and the ability to imitate correct pronunciation of words and phrases." (Language Bridge Method website http://www.language-bridge.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=30&Itemid=3)
"Teachers and students who take correction seriously face overwhelming problems, both in making the corrections effective and in dealing with the harmful side effects of the practice. Research evidence points to the conclusion that oral correction does not improve learners' ability to speak grammatically. No good reasons have been advanced for maintaining the practice. For these reasons, language teachers should seriously consider the option of abandoning oral grammar correction altogether." (John Truscott: "What's Wrong with Oral Grammar Correction", http://www.hss.nthu.edu.tw/~fl/faculty/John/What%27s%20Wrong%20with%20Oral%20Grammar%20Correction%201999.htm summed up here also: The Case Against Grammar Correction in L2 Writing Classes, Language Learning 46:2, June 1996, pp. 327-369 http://www.hss.nthu.edu.tw/~fl/faculty/John/Grammar%20Correction%20in%20L2%20Writing%20Class.pdf )
"... comprehensive treatment and overt [grammar] corrections are probably not worth the trouble for teachers to make. ... neither use ... of techniques in correcting student errors has an influence on writing ability results. ... [Also] no evidence of an effect which later shows up. Semke Kepner study reveals that grammar correction to second language writing students is actually discouraging to many students, and even harmful to their writing ability. Generally those who do not receive grammar corrections have a more positive feeling about writing than those who did, wrote more, and with more complexity [!], than those who did receive grammar corrections." (Grammar Correction, ESL Flash File http://www.anenglishoasis.com/GrammarCorrectioninESL.swf)
See also: "Theoretical Basis for the Natural Approach, Jill Kerper Mora, San Diego State University". http://coe.sdsu.edu/people/jmora/NatApprTheory-Eng/Default.htm
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