Many people do not associate Diabetes with foot problems. In fact, the disease carries with it several chronic complications that result from having consistently high levels of glucose in the blood stream. Among these complications is angiopathy, or damage to the blood vessels, which is caused by cells taking in more glucose than normal. Higher levels of glucose in the cell lead to the formation of an abnormal number of glycoproteins.



These glycoproteins make cell membranes exceptionally thick and weak, ultimately slowing the flow of blood through the body and causing the vessels to ?leak? blood. Angiopathy can occur at a micro level (capillaries and small blood vessels) or macro level (arteries). Along with damage to the circulatory system, the nervous system is also adversely affected by diabetes. Diabetic neuropathy leads to a decrease in sensation. The two conditions together can result in a problem commonly known as diabetic foot.

Twenty-five percent of Americans suffering from Diabetes will develop diabetic foot. The combination of poor circulation and decreased sensation due to neuropathy makes it difficult for people with diabetic foot to notice foot pain. Small cuts, blisters and other foot injuries often go unnoticed and therefore untreated. Infections develop more easily and are harder to treat without the proper circulatory defense.

Diabetic foot can lead to foot deformities such as calluses, corns, bunions and hammertoe. In more serious cases, foot ulcers can develop on the foot, and under extreme circumstances, amputation may be necessary in order to prevent an infection from spreading to the rest of the body. In fact, complications arising from diabetes are the leading cause of non-trauma related amputations.

Because of the prevalence of foot problems among diabetics, proper footwear is absolutely essential for someone suffering from diabetes. Orthotics are highly recommend in order to protect and support your feet with a customized fit. Made from a material known as Plastazote, these inserts mold to the foot in order to prevent the formation of ?hot spots? or other foot ailments associated with friction or uneven pressure (i.e., corns, calluses, bunions, blisters). When purchasing shoes, look for a high, wide toe box to prevent cramping the toes.

Removable insoles are a good idea if you want the option to insert customized orthotics. Or even better yet, shop for shoes with your orthotics in hand so that you can be sure the shoes will not cramp your feet before you purchase them.