The Americans who were then used to being isolated from the affairs of Europe also had serious reservations on the commitment that the United States will put up with. Wilson might still have won the approval if he had agreed to some relatively minor changes in the language of the treaty, but then Wilson refused to yield stating that the United States had a moral obligation to respect the terms of the agreement precisely as they stood. And although Wilson decided to appeal to the public, the public interest then in the peace process on international matters was said to fade because of the severe recession experienced by the American economy.
In all these, it is very evident that partisan politics played a significant role in the United States making its international commitment. Both President Wilson and the opposition were unable to make a good compromise mainly because the opposition wanted to maintain the sovereignty of the United States and as much as possible isolate the country from any political or economic commitments. The isolationist policy of the opposition and the stance of President Wilson to respect the terms of the agreement were at different ends and were unable to agree on the commitments that President Wilson wanted to pursue. Furthermore, concerns about their own economy was the primary concerns of most Americans, that the public sentiment in involving the United States with the League of Nations was also far from what the Americans wanted at that time.
These were the main reasons for the rejection of both the League of Nations and the Treaty of Versailles. In that even though the United States, mainly through President Wilson, was one of the proponents for the creation of international commitment to peace, partisan politics and concerns about the sovereignty of the United States, were the reasons for the defeat and rejection of both the treaty and the League.
Nationalism World War I
Historically, many dogs were reported to perform acts of heroism on the battlefields of World War I. By the end of the War more than 2,000 graves graced the hillside of Hartsdale Pet Cemetary, where pets are buried in pet urns, and pet caskets with pet memorial markers. It was then that the concept of pet memorial and the burial of our pets gained wider acceptance. Hartsdale is America's oldest and most prestigious pet memorial grounds.
Today, cities all across America have pet memorials, and new websites are popping up online that commemorate pets. According to one such company's founder, "People find much peace in putting their family pets to rest," said Colleen Mihelich, Peternity.com.
It was in 1896 when Dr. Samuel Johnson, a prominent New York City veterinarian, offered his apple orchard as a burial plot for his friend's canine companion. Now, there are more than 70,000 pets buried at Hartsdale and many have custom pet memorial stones. The cemetery maintains a state of the art crematory on the grounds along with a separate office and offers a complete range of services such as cremation, pet memorials, pet cremation urns and caskets.
The Cemetary donated a big piece of land to have a memorial monument built by Walter A. Buttendorf. Sculpted by designer and builder Robert Caterson, who had worked on Grand Central Station in New York City, the monument cost $2,500 at the time.
The townspeople said it would be a heroic monument that was supposed to be a "Rustic Boulder executed in 'Rock of Ages' Barre Vermont Granite, surmounted by a heroic statue of a War Dog, Canteen and Helmet in bronze." It was a ten foot tall majestic monument with ten tons of granite from a Vermont quarry, topped with a bronze statue of a handsome German shepherd wearing a Red Cross blanket. At his feet is a bronze helmet, plus a canteen, and the American flag above. The War Dog Memorial's unveiling was attended by representatives from every nation that foughten during World War I.
This was the final resting place for many heroic war dogs including Chips, the only American war dog to receive military decorations including the Purple Heart and the Silver Star. He served in World War II, and during an invasion of Sicily, Chips stormed an enemy machine gun pillbox. He cornered four soldiers and helped capture 10 men.
Also buried at this cemetery is Boots, a German Shepherd who starred in "Boots and Saddles," a film glorifying this dog. He helped raise over nine million dollars in war bonds.
Refurbished to its original handsome bronze finish in the year 2005 the War Dog memorial stands proud in Westchester.
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