In this solar how to, learn two of the best ways to use passive solar energy: proper insulation and shades. Proper insulation and using layers of sheet rock and concrete creates a high indoor thermal mass. This will lower energy bills by trapping air inside the house.

There are different areas of the home where proper insulation could prevent air from escaping. One area is the attic. Two-layers of fiberglass vats work best for this job. When adding the second layer, use un-faced insulation. Also, be sure the second layer is applied across the joists.

Walls are an often forgotten aspect of the home when it comes to insulation. Adding layers or plaster will help a home retain energy. Plastering can be a do-it yourself project, although it does require some practice. Before plastering directly onto a wall, practice on a foam board or spare piece of wood.

There are several tools necessary to add a plaster layer to a wall. You will need a bucket, stirring rod and plasterers beads to create the plaster. Then you will use a hawk, scarifier, plasterers hawk and float (preferably stainless steel), spirit level and water spray bottle in the application. These materials are available at any home improvement store. Be sure all tools and the surface are clean before starting.

To mix and apply the plaster:

1. The first step is to mix the plaster. Be sure to use gloves. Add the plastic beads to the bucket of water, stirring with the rod until the mixture is creamy. Plaster beads come in pre-fabricated shapes and vary depending on the surface you are plastering. Be sure to read the package instructions.

2. When plastering, always work from the bottom left corner upward in a complete vertical section. Load the hawk with plaster and push the plaster from the hawk onto the wall with the float. Do this in firm motions, flattening the plaster upward.

3. Use the scarifier to scratch the plaster. This will create lines that will allow for further applications to adhere to the wall. Once the previous layer has gone stiff, repeat the process.

4. After applying the final layer of plaster, wait 20 minutes before using a clean float to run over the wall and smooth any imperfections. After an additional 30 to 45 minutes, spray the wall down lightly with water and run a clean float over the walls. This will polish the wall and provide a silky finish. It is best to wait at least 48 hours before painting on a newly plastered surface.

Another way to trap solar energy is to try outdoor shades. Installing outdoor insulated window shades can keep heat in during cold winter months and keep heat out during summer scorchers. These types of shades come in a variety of styles and colors. They can also be added to decks and patios to provide both insulation and privacy.

For those looking to build a new home, consider south-facing glass windows, which will trap more solar heat energy. Do not forget the summer months either. Plant trees around the home for adequate shading. Consult with a contractor on the types of insulation that will be added to the house to make it more economical and efficient.

Whether building a new home or trying to make an old home more efficient, there are simple ways to make solar energy work. Do-it yourself projects like adding plaster layers to walls or fiberglass to an attic can make a huge difference. It is important to remember that using solar energy can be easy and affordable. Small steps lead to large gains in the quest for renewable energy sources.