Engineering began the minute mankind started using tools. This would have begun the minute people wanted to improve the output of their tools. The first example of engineering would probably have been a primitive version of the lever. The next and most notable examples of engineering is of course the wheel. The derivation of the word engine comes from Latin and literally means clever invention. Engineers essentially make useful and practical applications.



One of the most fascinating engineering questions that is asked is, 'how did they build the pyramids'. The Egyptians built the magnificent structures without the use of modern machinery, without the engine and without electricity. In building such impressive structures with only manpower to make it happen, the Egyptians achieved something that has kept engineers impressed even now thousands of years later. The man that has been credited with working out how to erect these incredible structures is called Imhotep. He was an advisor to one of the Pharoahs and in many ways can be considered to be the grandfather of modern civil engineering.

Civil engineering is one of the oldest disciplines in the world. Civil engineering covers the entire process of building a structure. It includes the designing phase of a construction, the construction of a construction and the maintenance of a construction. Amongst other things Civil engineering covers bridges, canals, roads, buildings and dams. It deals with directing natural things for the convenience of man. Civil engineers typically need an academic qualification such as a bachelor degree.

Materials engineers deal with all aspects of materials. They research, design and develop materials to help other engineers. They must have a detailed knowledge of all types of materials and the properties and behaviours of the materials used in other engineering disciplines. They can also turn raw materials into composite materials to suit an engineering need. The typical materials they work with are ceramics, glass, chemicals, metals, plastics, rubber, polymers and industrial minerals.

Environmental engineering deals with things in the environment. Environmental engineers develop methods of improving our environment. This can cover the purification of the air, the treatment of waste, clearing up accidental contamination and the remediation of contaminated sites. Waste disposal specialists provide treatment for chemical, biological or thermal waste. Environmental engineers are utilised when planning new developments. They can assist in the decision making process by providing information about the effect policy will have on the environment.

Chemical engineering deals with converting raw materials and chemicals into more valuable forms. It utilises physical sciences such as chemistry and physics alongside mathematics to make useful materials. A branch of engineering called process engineering takes these areas of expertise and applies them to large scale manufacture. They also cover the maintenance and design of chemical processes for manufacturing companies.