Maternal health and fetal complications are at a much greater risk in women with diabetes who are pregnant. Even the stress of a pregnancy can bring about gestational diabetes, which is a form of glucose intolerance that begins during the pregnancy and resolves itself after the birth of the baby. Whether there is preexisting diabetes or gestational diabetes there is an increased risk of fetal congenital defects and death from hyperglycemia, or abnormally high blood sugar, which must be controlled. Any woman with diabetes that is pregnant should get some form of nutritional counseling from a registered dietician.
There are many changes that occur during a pregnancy that can have detrimental effects on controlling the diabetes and the use of insulin. The placenta produces some hormones and enzymes that reduce the effectiveness of insulin. Insulin from the mother does not cross the placenta but blood glucose will. If too much blood glucose crosses over to the baby the baby's pancreas will increase insulin production. This increase in insulin leads to a condition that is typical for women with diabetes, macrosomia, or big baby syndrome. Newborns of mother with either form of diabetes can also suffer from respiratory problems, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, or jaundice.
Medical nutrition therapy needs to be individualized based on the mother's weight and height. The diet plan used by a pregnant woman should include adequate calories and nutrients to meet the needs of both mother and fetus and should be consistent with established maternal blood glucose goals. The impact of meals and snacks on blood glucose levels must be tracked with self monitoring and should be done a minimum of four times a day.
Planning and commitment is required for any pregnant woman with diabetes to have a successful pregnancy. Achieving and maintaining tight blood glucose control before conception and during the first trimester is of paramount importance because this is when most fetal malformation occurs. The best time for any woman with diabetes who is attempting to become pregnant is before conception.
During the second and third trimesters the need for insulin increases because of increased blood glucose levels caused by the increased production of hormones associated with pregnancy that decrease the effectiveness of insulin.
A diabetic pregnancy will require a more focused approach to the diabetic diet plan each day of the pregnancy. Special considerations need to be made for food cravings and nausea during the early weeks of a pregnancy. All meal plans need to be individualized to each woman and need to evolve throughout the pregnancy as insulin and nutritional needs change.
The Effects Of Diabetes
Coffee More for Morning Pick-Me-Ups: Coffee has recently been shown to help defend against the effects of diabetes. The study has shown that that type 2 diabetes can be reduced by as much as 60%. Even if you have drank coffee in the past but quit, the effects of the previous drinking habits will still be long-lasting.
Interestingly, women who drank 10 cups of coffee a day got a 79% reduction in the effect of diabetes. It is hard to imagine sitting through 10 cups of coffee (although some would probably beg to differ), but the effects are too desirable to ignore.
Whole Grain Foods May Have a Part in Diabetes Reduction: Type 2 diabetes has also been suggested to be reduced by whole grain foods, researchers report. The studies are much weaker than that of the coffee study- so there is no guarantee on how much reduction will take place- if any at all.
While whole grain foods may not be the diabetes killer, they are still full of nourishment that serves other purposes. And in the war on diabetes, every little bit helps- regardless of what studies or researched have or have yet to prove.
Magnesium Makes a Show in the Diabetes Reduction Game: Meat, milk, nuts, and beans are all sources of magnesium- but what kind of effect does this magnesium have on the body? From what researchers have found, quite a bit; as much as a 30% reduction in diabetes has been observed from controlled tests.
It has even been proven that a diet that lacks magnesium may increase the onslaught of diabetes. The recommended daily intake of magnesium is slated around 300-400mg- depending on the body type and gender. This daily intake can be easily obtained via magnesium-rich foods- especially nuts and beans.
Fiber Provides Defense for Diabetes: The high fiber diet that your doctor has been preaching may not be so bad after all, says researchers. While the exact numbers were not released, it has been concluded that men who consumed high-fiber diets had increased resistance to diabetes.
Foods that are high in fiber include certain types of cereal, certain fruits such as pears, grain such as spaghetti, black beans, lentil beans, and vegetables such as peas. Making sure that a diet is rich in these foods will help protect against the risk of diabetes- although further research is being conducted to see just how much protection fiber provides.
Final Thoughts on Preventing and Maintaining Diabetes: The above dietary tips should be taken to heart. Try to incorporate fiber, coffee, whole grains, and magnesium rich foods into your diet. Try to put an emphasis on the proven items- such as coffee and magnesium.
Along with the nutritional tips, be sure to follow a healthy exercise routine to help minimize the risk of diabetes. Paired with a good nutrition, exercise will help keep diabetes at bay. In many cases controlling both of these aspects has allowed diabetes patients to live perfectly normal lives- although some cases are worse than others.
Both Andrew Bicknell & Daniel Millions are contributors for EditorialToday. The above articles have been edited for relevancy and timeliness. All write-ups, reviews, tips and guides published by EditorialToday.com and its partners or affiliates are for informational purposes only. They should not be used for any legal or any other type of advice. We do not endorse any author, contributor, writer or article posted by our team.
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