On a world map the co-ordinates for the city of Birmingham are 52o 28' latitude north and longitude 1o 53' west. Birmingham is a metropolitan borough of the West Midlands and a unitary authority in its own right. However, it also still retains historic links with the counties of; Warwickshire, Worcestershire and Shropshire to which its suburbs once belonged. The population of Birmingham exceeds 1 million people making it the second largest city in the country; the population of the West Midlands conurbation is almost 2,300,000. Birmingham city covers an area of some 26,700 hectare giving it a population density of around 38 per hectare, which is slightly less crowded than many other major UK cities.



Artefacts dating back to Roman and even the Bronze Age establish that there have been settlements in and around Birmingham for a long time. Before it became a heavily industrialised city Birmingham would have grown and developed by the aggregation of small farming hamlets, probably centred on areas close to the River Rea. The surface geology of Birmingham is sandstone, mudstone and a pebbly silty clay that would have been deposited at the time the glaciers retreated during the ice age. By and large the surface geology is rarely more than 10m thick. The dominant bedrock in Birmingham is the red mudstones and sandstones that were laid down during the Permian and Triassic eras, roughly 290 to 250 million years ago.

To the west of the city there are Carboniferous coal measure deposits and rocks dating back to the Silurian era. Of significance here is the area known as Wrens Nest, Dudley, which is a site of exceptional importance for Lower Silurian limestone. In 2002 Birmingham was hit with the Uks biggest earthquake in a decade, measuring 4.8 on the Richter scale the epicentre of it was in Dudley which sits on a major fault line. Birmingham also sits on a fault line running south-west to north east through the city.

Once sitting on the northern edge of the Forest of Arden and surrounded by woodland, timber was the traditional building material. With sand and gravel deposits and limestone nearby the use of mortar mixes and concrete was also common. Ever since they could be mass produced, bricks and plain baked clay tiles have subsequently been used in buildings.

Geographically Birmingham sits on the Birmingham Plateau which is generally 150 to 200 metres above sea level. However, the Lickey Hills in the extreme south west of the city rise to 285m. There are three main rivers flowing through Birmingham; the River Cole which flows across the south to north-east of the city; the River Rea, which flows from the south west into the River Tame north of the city centre. The River Tame flows west to east across the city and eventually flows into the River Trent at Alrewas. None of the rivers passing through Birmingham are navigable by boat.

The climate in Birmingham is typical of England being a temperate one. With most of its weather systems arriving on the prevailing westerly winds, the average temperature in January is 30C and July it is 150C. On average Birmingham receives less than 750ml of rainfall a year which, being relatively close to the Welsh hills and mountains, much of the rain being carried by the prevailing winds is deposited over Wales before reaching Birmingham. The average expectancy of rain in Birmingham is about 175 days a year. The temperature in January is lower than might be expected for a city in the midland of England. This is because the city is centrally located in the landmass and so does not benefit from the blanket effect of the North Atlantic Drift.

House prices in Birmingham vary across the city dependant on the suburb in which they are located. Traditionally the two most expensive areas have been Edgbaston and Sutton Coldfield. The suburb of Harbourne is seen as an up and coming area for young professionals being close to the city centre, the university and the main Birmingham Hospitals. Houses in Bournville, especially those that are part of the Bournville Village Trust, are also much sought after. The overall average price for a house in Birmingham is 155,000 GBP.

The average price of a four bed roomed detached house is the same as the national average at 320,000 GBP which is higher than the regional price of 275,000 GBP. A three bed-room semi-detached house is 160,000 GBP, below the national average of 185,000 GBP but some 5% above the regional average. A two bed-room terraced house in Birmingham typically costs 130,000 GBP, about 7% higher than regionally and 10% higher than the national average. At over 130,000 GBP for a 2 bed-roomed flat, Birmingham is around the national average price, but again higher than the regional average.

Whilst there are 43 major suburbs, the city council for Birmingham has 40 electoral wards which each return 3 councillors. The city is divided into 10 electoral constituencies to return Members of Parliament.