Origins



The first real guitar-like item to be discovered was the tanbur. One of these was actually found in Egypt, near Queen Hatshepsut's tomb. The tanbur was built of polished cedar and had a soundboard made of leather. Though featuring just three strings, it resembles a crude guitar. The tanbur can be seen in the Archeological Museum in Cairo and is about 3,500 years old.

Shortly after the tanbur was popular in Egypt, the lute was developed in Europe. This instrument was made up of a rounded body with a very short neck. Many historians say that this developed into a completely different line of musical instruments and has nothing to do with the guitar, while others claim it does.

What we do know is that there are a number of inventions throughout history around the world that utilized the basic idea of a soundbox body, long fretted neck and varying numbers of strings, including the sitar, setar, and the chitar, a four stringed musical device that was renamed 'chitarra' or 'guitarra' when it reached Spain.

Early Guitars

The original versions were rather stumpy in appearance, with just 8 frets above the soundbox and most had only four strings. These were popular during the 16th century, but by the following century, the instruments had evolved to have six strings and 12 frets along the neck.

During the 1800's, the guitar was in essentially the same form we see it today, only smaller in size. The form of the body was fairly curved. In the 1850's, a Spanish instrument builder named Antonio Torres took the initiative to create a larger body, changed the proportions, and invented the top bracing pattern that gives today's guitars more volume, in a fan shape. However, just a few years later, a German by the name of Christian Frederich Martin designed a version with an X brace. When steel strings began to appear in 1900, the older, fan shaped brace was unable to stand up to the tension provided by the steel strings. Martin's design took hold, as it was far stronger and held the guitar together very well, withstanding the far louder steel strings. This version has changed very little in the intervening decades, the design was finally settled.

Altering a Classic

Once the basic form was established, people began to come up with their own versions. Orville Gibson developed an arched top guitar with sound holes, Lloyd Loar altered that design further to create the jazz guitar with f-holes, cello tail and a floating bridge.

Then, in the 1920's, the electric guitar was built, without the need for a soundbox since it had electrical pickups. This form didn't become popular for another couple of decades, but then a number of variations were made on this, as well.

The guitar has a long and varied history. Still, it has fascinated people for centuries and we probably haven't seen the end of the variations on the basic form.