Guide to Medical

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Traumatic Brain Injury Management

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Generally, there are two types of brain injuries: Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). An ABI generally encompasses any injury to the brain that occurs after birth as a result of physical force (such as, due to an accident), tumors, violent acts (such as a gun shot wound). ABI is the broadest category and includes, generally, all brain injuries that occur after birth.



Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be caused by an external force such as a vehicle accident, fall or sports injury. However, not every blow or jolt to the head results in a TBI. The severity of a TBI ranges from mild (a brief change in mental status or consciousness) to moderate to severe (an extended period of unconsciousness or amnesia after the injury.)

About 85% of TBIs that occur are considered mild while the remaining 15% are moderate to severe. Estimates are that at least 5.3 million Americans currently have long-term, or lifelong, need for help to perform activities of daily living as a result of a TBI. The leading causes of TBI are Falls (28%); Motor vehicle-traffic crashes (20%); Struck by/against events (19%); and Assaults (11%).

More people are disabled from TBI than from spinal cord injuries, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, stroke and Alzheimers! Estimates are that 227,000 Ohioans are living with disability due to TBI.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1.4 million persons sustain a TBI each year in the United States. Of these, 50,000 die; 235,000 are hospitalized; and 1.1 million are treated and released from an emergency department. [Langlois JA, Rutland-Brown W, Thomas KE. Traumatic brain injury in the United States: emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control; 2004.]

Among children ages 0 to 14 years, TBI results in an estimated 2,685 deaths; 37,000 hospitalizations; and 435,000 emergency department visits annually. TBI is the leading cause of death and disability for children, adolescents, and young adults in the United States. 90,000 of those injured will sustain permanent injuries.

Among those claiming a disability, TBI ranks second only to mental retardation. TBI causes more disability than spinal cord injuries, cerebral palsy and epilepsy COMBINED. More people are disabled from TBI than from stroke or Alzheimers or persistent mental illness.

The direct medical costs and indirect costs such as lost productivity of TBI totaled an estimated, and staggering, $60 billion in the United States in 2000 alone. [Finkelstein E, Corso P, Miller T and associates. The Incidence and Economic Burden of Injuries in the United States. New York (NY): Oxford University Press; 2006.]

DID YOU KNOW: If you have a brain injury, you are 3 times more likely to get another. After the second injury, the risk for the third injury is 8 times greater.

Sources: Brain Injury Association of America, CDC and a 2/28/08 presentation by the Brain Injury Association of Ohio.

Copyright (c) 2009 David Bressman
Traumatic Brain Injury Management
A recent study noted that nearly half of traumatic brain injury sufferers struggle with depression. As the family member of a person with traumatic brain injury, you take on a condition that can have daily and even life-long effects on quality of life and family routines. How can you best support your family member with TBI? What about family advocacy?

The Family Is A Brain Injury Victim's Greatest Ally

Though it can be frustrating to see the often mind-boggling aftershocks of traumatic brain injury, it is important to be supportive of your brain-injured family member. Not only do they have to deal with the daily effects of TBI, which may include personality changes, memory loss, or difficulty concentrating or working, but they must navigate their own family relationships as well. Nonetheless, it is important to recognize that frustration and even a feeling of desperation are common amongst family members of TBI survivors. It is normal and expected to feel confused, hurt, angry, even depressed yourself as you struggle to help a loved one who is suffering from brain injury and its effects.

A brain injury may be frustrating, but it is vital that a TBI victim have a supportive family system. Once a brain injured patient is released from intensive medical care, the family becomes his or her primary support system and often takes on medical care roles. Studies have shown that an adaptable family structure is vital to good recovery from traumatic brain injury. This means that a family needs to accept the fact that change is inevitable and adjust to meet the realities of traumatic brain injury on a daily basis. This also means a challenging coming-to-terms with the personality changes, isolation or embarrassment that may be experienced by a brain-damaged family member. As the family member of a TBI survivor, you may sometimes feel powerless to help your loved one. The reality is that your support can be vital to your relative's quality of life and continued recovery. Speak with your family member's medical care providers, if possible, to find out how you can be involved in medical care.

Caring For A Relative With Brain Damage: Make Sure You Have Support

Though it is important to show up for your brain-injured family member, recognize your own need for support and care. It may help you to join a support group or seek counseling as you deal with the inevitable family changes that accompany brain injury. The internet can also be a good resource for the family struggling to find support for TBI: online message boards and chat groups can educate and comfort you as you learn more about your role and adjust to your new circumstances. Sometimes it may feel redundant or unnecessary to seek support for yourself; after all, you're not the family member who is directly suffering from TBI. But in order to be an effective caretaker for your brain-damaged loved one, it is vital that you yourself feel equipped to deal with daily life and approach your family member with a positive, loving and tolerant attitude. Often, a safe place to vent and a network of informed friends can make the difference between daily struggles and a feeling of hope.

Families Are Effective Brain Injury Advocates

Feeling as if your efforts to help your brain-injured loved one aren't working? Try acting as an advocate on their behalf. With the cognitive changes that come with TBI, it is easy for traumatic brain injury victims to fall victim to those who do not respect their rights or take their medical responsibilities seriously. Luckily, family members are extremely effective advocates for brain-injured patients. You can help your loved one document their medical care, weigh important medical decisions and navigate the often confusing terrain of insurance companies, doctors and social services. An educated and positive attitude is often helpful as you seek to achieve your advocacy goals for your brain-injured loved one.

Sometimes it is necessary to enlist the help of an experienced traumatic brain injury attorney as you seek to make sense of a traumatic brain injury. An effective brain injury lawyer can join forces with a family to ensure a positive outcome and can act on your family's behalf as you seek dignified treatment or even monetary damages to cover medical expenses, vocational rehabilitation or future medical care. Together, your attorney and your family members can form an effective system of support for the survivor of a traumatic brain injury, ensuring that they will continue to participate in and contribute to a happy family for years to come.

description: When a person is a victim of a traumatic brain injury (TBI), it is not only them who suffers the consequences. Family members who are caring for the patient after they have been released from medical care are also susceptible to adverse affects. It is important that family members caring for the victim are supported as well so that they can uphold a positive support system to aid in a smooth recovery.
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About Author
Both David Bressman & are contributors for EditorialToday. The above articles have been edited for relevancy and timeliness. All write-ups, reviews, tips and guides published by EditorialToday.com and its partners or affiliates are for informational purposes only. They should not be used for any legal or any other type of advice. We do not endorse any author, contributor, writer or article posted by our team.

David Bressman has sinced written about articles on various topics from Brain Injury. David A. Bressman is a personal injury trial lawyer practicing in Columbus, Ohio. He limits his practice to representing those seriously injured in car wrecks, animal attacks and falls. More information can be found at:. David Bressman's top article generates over 6600 views. to your Favourites.

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