Fancy color diamonds are unique and very rarely found diamonds. A fancy diamond is available in an array of colors such as red, pink, green, blue and various shades of yellow. These diamonds are valuable owing to their rarity and are the most valuable diamonds mainly because their color surpasses the GIA color scale. Fancy color diamonds are based on two features. The first is the basic color such as pink, blue, yellow, green, etc. The second is the concentration. Both the color features form the basis for determining the worth of the fancy colored diamonds. Generally, the more the concentration of the color, the more is the cost and the rarer will be the diamond.

Grading of fancy diamonds is done using nine categories such as light , mild light, faint, , , light fancy, fancy, dark fancy, intense fancy, deep fancy and vivid fancy. The most interesting factor of this diamond is that the secondary undertone is a plus if it enhances the color and the secondary undertone is negative if it detracts the color. Fancy color diamonds were found in Brazil, Australia, Venezuela and many parts of Africa as the conditions were suitable for the natural color to get developed.

Natural diamonds are rough diamonds as they are not cut or polished. The natural diamonds are found in Cubic, Octhahedra, Macle and Dodecahedron crystal shapes. In the earlier 1800s diamonds were located in riverbeds and were traded to noblemen who knew the value of the hard crystal. They used it for armor studding and later on kings and queens used to beautify their crowns and other jewelry. They were not identical to polish stones but were highly prized for their uniqueness. Diamonds became a major trade item and Brazil was the next to follow the development of diamond trade. Later Africa succeeded in diamond production. In the 1990s Canada entered the diamond rush and is believed to accomplish the position of being the world's topmost diamond producer in next 20 years.

Gemstone jewelry is fun, exciting and also confusing. Gemstones are measured by size, weight, as well as both. The main unit used for weighing gemstones is the carat. Carats are segmented into 100 units known as points. For instance, half carat gemstone means the weight is .50 carats or points. Natural gemstones are available in nature. Similarly, the laboratory manufactured stones possess the same physical and chemical properties as other natural gemstones. Laboratory created stones fail to possess the rarity of natural colored stones and are less expensive. In fact, imitation stones are identical to natural stones in appearance, but may be of glass, plastic or any inexpensive stone. Gemstones undergoing some common treatments vary in many forms such as

• Heating a gemstone lightens, darkens or changes the color of gems, or improves the clarity of the gemstone.

• Irradiation can enhance the color to colored diamonds, gemstones and pearls.

• Impregnating certain gems with wax or resins or colorless oils brings variety of imperfections that are less visible but can work on the gemstones' clarity as well as appearance.

• Filling cracks in gems using colorless plastic or glass improves the gemstones, durability and appearance.

• Dyeing enhances the color and improves the uniformity in the color in the gemstones and pearls.

• Bleaching reduces some gems, including pearls and jade.