On the north shore exist two river estuaries, the estuary of the River Camel and another Hayle estuary, which flows to Padstow and Rock with a safe and sound harbor. On the south coast, often dubbed as the riviera, is more sheltered and civilized. Many wide estuaries that offer very safe places to put your anchor. Beaches that are there on the south coast usually are made of very inferior sand particles and shingle, that is scattered with rocky parts of wave cut piers.

Interiors of this county are composed of an approximately east west strength of exposed and not a fertile elevated land, with many of granite obstructions, which has the highest land in Cornwall. The obstructions are the main part of the granite outcrops that exists in south west Britain, that includes the Islands of Scilly in the west, Dartmoor in the east in Devon and the initial, which now is partially submerged.

Cornwall is better known for both its beaches and its rugged shoreline. The encroachment done by granite into the surrounding settled rocks which gives rise to mineralization and spacious geological process and this makes Cornwall as one of the most significant mining areas in Europe and stayed this way up to the early 20th century.

Tin is believed to have been mined here during the Bronze Age and silver, copper, zinc and lead have all been dug out in Cornwall. Changes like this granite also rose to large deposits of China Clay, precisely in the area that lies on the northern side of St Austell and this mining is still a great industry.

The lands that are a little higher from the sea are surrounded by more fertile, mostly rural farmlands. Next to the south coast, densely wooded valleys provide shelter to the conditions that are apt for flora that like shade, moisture and a mild climate.

These areas mostly located on Devonian slate and sandstone. North east of Cornwall is located on Carbon yielding rocks which are better known as the Culm Measures. At many places these have been prone to extreme folding, as can be seen on the northern coast that adjoins Crackington Haven and in Cornwall has varied habitats. One of the lower plant forms in decline locally is the Reindeer lichen, which species has been made a priority for protection under the national UK Biodiversity Action Plan.

Cornwall lies in the southern part of Britain and that is why it has a comparatively warm and sunny weather. Winters are quite mild, snow and frost are very rare from the central highland areas. Annually the average temperature in most of Cornwall region is between 49.7 to 53.8 °F (9.8˚ to 12˚ Celsius), with higher altitudes having slightly lower temperatures.