Sometimes, people cut down on the number of long distance calls simply because they are afraid of incurring hefty phone bills. This used to be true a decade ago, when the Internet was still in its infancy. Today, the technology has evolved by leaps and bounds. It used to be the case that we are only able to send and download simple texts and graphic images. Now, you can make phone calls over the public network to anyone you want anywhere in the world.

To start making long distance calls for free, you need the correct setup. The first thing you need, is an Internet connection. You may or may not need a computer, depending on the setup that you choose (more on this later). A broad band connection is highly recommended, to prevent data lag and affecting the quality of the voice signals. Once you have the Internet up and running, you now need to setup the proper equipment (also known as user agents in industry terms).

A) Setup without a computer.

Your first option, is to setup your voice calls without having to use a computer. This option is most suited for those who only need to make VoIP calls, and they do not need the functions of a computer system. For this option, only an IP phone is required. You cannot connect a traditional phone to your Internet connection (e.g. a DSL line) and expect the setup to work. A traditional phone cannot convert analog voice signals into digital signals, which is mandatory to transfer data across the public network. The data transfer uses the IP protocol. The IP phone has the in-built ability to convert voice into digital data, so that it can be sent using the IP protocol.

B) Setting up a Voice call with a computer.

If you already own a computer system such as a desktop of a laptop, you will need a set of headphones, and a mic. Some headphones come together with a mic, so you only need 1 extra piece of equipment. If you find a headset uncomfortable, you can always buy a handset. You will also need to install additional software into your computer system. Your computer must be connected to the Internet for the setup to work. The role of the software is to convert voice into digital data. This primary function of the software is similar to that of the IP phone.

So far, we have only discussed voice to voice connection. In other words, the party you are trying to call must also have a similar setup. Otherwise, you can't put through the call. But when both parties have a voice setup, long distance calls are not only possible, they are also free.

The problem arises when you try to call someone without a voice setup. Here is where VoIP service providers can add value. They have special equipment that will take care of the data conversion, so that the call be put through to a land line or a mobile phone. If you call someone within the same VoIP network, there are no charges. Calling rates only apply when (i) you call someone on another VoIP network, (ii) you call a land line, and (iii) you call a mobile phone.