Agenesis or hypoplasia of both lungs , one lung, or single lobes

Tracheal and bronchia anomalies

Vascular anomalies

Congenital lobar overinflation (emphysema)

Congenital cysts

Intralobar and extrapulmonary lobar sequetrations

The las two anamalies are seen more frequently and are discussed here. Congenital cysts repreesent an abnormal detachment of fragment of primitive foregut, and most consist of bronchogenic cysts. Bronchogenic cysts may occur anywhere in the lungs as single or on occasion, multiple cystic spaces from microscopic size to more than 5 cm in diameter. They are usually found adjecent to bronchi or bronchioles but may or may not have demonstrable connections with the airways. They are lined by bronchial-type epithelium and are usually filled with mucinous secretions or with air. Complications include infection of the secretions with suppuration, lung abscess, or rupture into the pleural cavity, with pnemothroax or interstitial emphysema. Visit for

Bronchopulmonary sequestration refers to the presence of lobes or segments of lung tissue without a normal connection to the airway system. Blood supply to the sequestered area arises not from the pulmonary arteries but from the aorta or its branches. Extralobar sequestrations are external to the lung and may be found any where in the thorax or mediastinum. Found most commonly in infants as abnormal mass lesions, they may be associated with other congenital anomalies. Intralobar sequestrations are found within the lung substance and are usually associated with recurrent localized infection or bronchiectasis.